Aging Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Stroke Risk and Outcome.
Aging Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Stroke Risk and Outcome.
复制标题
衰老的微生物群 - 肠 - 脑轴在中风风险和预后中的作用
DOI：
10.1161/circresaha.122.319983
复制
发表时间：
2022-04-15
影响因子：
20.1
通讯作者：
McCullough, Louise D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Honarpisheh, Pedram;Bryan, Robert M.;McCullough, Louise D.
微生物群-肠-脑轴（MGBA）是肠道微生物与其宿主之间的双向通讯网络。许多环境和宿主相关因素都会影响肠道微生物群。生态失调被定义为肠道微生物群的组成和功能改变，有助于疾病的发病机制、进展和治疗反应。当微生物群组成和功能的扰动超过微生物群及其宿主恢复共生状态的能力时，就会发生生态失调。生态失调会导致 MGBA 信号传导功能失调，而 MGBA 调节宿主免疫、代谢和神经系统的发育和功能。 MGBA 菌群失调引起的功能障碍常见于衰老和中风，并且与肥胖、糖尿病和动脉粥样硬化等常见中风危险因素的发生有关。肠道微生物群的变化也与中风反应有关，并且可能会损害受伤后的恢复。本综述将首先概述用于研究 MGBA 的工具，并讨论局限性和潜在的实验混杂因素。介绍并总结了相关的 MGBA 成分，以便更好地了解中风后 MGBA 信号传导的年龄相关变化及其功能障碍。然后，我们将重点关注 MGBA 与衰老之间的关系，强调 MGBA 的所有组成部分都会经历与年龄相关的变化，这些变化可能受到肠道微生物群的影响甚至驱动。最后一部分总结了 MGBA 信号传导在肥胖、糖尿病、高血压和虚弱等中风危险因素发展中的作用的当前临床和临床前证据，以及实验和临床人群中中风引起的微生物群变化。最后，我们描述了目前对基于微生物群的中风疗法的理解，包括使用益生菌/益生菌和补充细菌代谢物。生物医学科学这一新领域的持续进展将有助于更好地了解 MGBA 对人类健康和疾病的影响。
The microbiota-gut-brain-axis (MGBA) is a bidirectional communication network between gut microbes and their host. Many environmental and host-related factors affect the gut microbiota. Dysbiosis is defined as compositional and functional alterations of the gut microbiota that contribute to the pathogenesis, progression and treatment responses to disease. Dysbiosis occurs when perturbations of microbiota composition and function exceed the ability of microbiota and its host to restore a symbiotic state. Dysbiosis leads to dysfunctional signaling of the MGBA, which regulates the development and the function of the host’s immune, metabolic, and nervous systems. Dysbiosis-induced dysfunction of the MGBA is seen with aging and stroke, and is linked to the development of common stroke risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Changes in the gut microbiota are also seen in response to stroke, and may impair recovery after injury. This review will begin with an overview of the tools used to study the MGBA with a discussion on limitations and potential experimental confounders. Relevant MGBA components are introduced and summarized for a better understanding of age-related changes in MGBA signaling and its dysfunction after stroke. We will then focus on the relationship between the MGBA and aging, highlighting that all components of the MGBA undergo age-related alterations that can be influenced by or even driven by the gut microbiota. In the final section, the current clinical and pre-clinical evidence for the role of MGBA signaling in the development of stroke risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and frailty are summarized, as well as microbiota changes with stroke in experimental and clinical populations. We conclude by describing the current understanding of microbiota-based therapies for stroke including the use of pre-/pro-biotics and supplementations with bacterial metabolites. Ongoing progress in this new frontier of biomedical sciences will lead to an improved understanding of the MGBA’s impact on human health and disease.