Control of Floral Scent Emission by Inhibitors of Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase in Cut Flower of Lilium cv. 'Casa Blanca'
Control of Floral Scent Emission by Inhibitors of Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase in Cut Flower of Lilium cv. 'Casa Blanca'
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DOI：
10.2503/jjshs1.80.190
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ichimura, Kazuo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Oyama-Okubo, Naomi;Nakayama, Masayoshi;Ichimura, Kazuo
东方杂交百合花有令人愉快的香味。然而，特别是在密闭空间中，气味可能被感知为太强，因此令人不快。我们分析了在日本最受欢迎的东方杂交百合之一“卡萨布兰卡”百合切花中的主要香味化合物，鉴定出两种芳香族化合物（苯甲醇和异丁香酚）和两种萜类化合物（芳樟醇和顺罗勒烯）。此外，检测到对甲酚（芳香族化合物）作为次要组分。基于感官印象，我们假设异丁香酚和p-木酚是令人不快的气味的主要原因。我们的结论是，芳香族化合物生物合成的抑制剂可以降低这些化合物的浓度，使“卡萨布兰卡”的香味不那么令人不快。苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）是芳香族化合物生物合成的主要催化剂。我们使用氨氧乙酸（AOA）和L-2-氨氧-3-苯基丙酸（AOPP）作为PAL抑制剂。在瓶插处理中，AOA和AOPP的浓度分别为0.1 mM和1.0 mM，降低了芳香化合物的释放量。在实际应用中，选择AOA是因为其成本低得多。连续处理AOA减少气味化合物的排放量的10%至20%的控制在一个恒定的比例，在一天中的所有时间开花后的第二天和第三天时，'卡萨布兰卡'发出的气味化合物的最大量。在开花的最后一天也发现了类似的效果。在一定条件下，暂时处理24 h引起与连续处理相似的效果。应用1.0 mM AOA引起化学伤害的花被片，但0.1 mM AOA没有。处理具有开放的花的植物的效果不如在芽后期处理的效果。总之，在花蕾后期用0.1 mM AOA连续处理'Casa Blanca'可以减少香味化合物的排放，并使香味更温和，而不影响花的形态，通过其作为观赏植物的使用期间。
Oriental hybrid lily flowers have a pleasant fragrance. Especially in a confined space, however, the scent can be perceived as too strong and therefore unpleasant. Our analysis of the major scent compounds in cut flowers of 'Casa Blanca' lilies, which is one of the most popular oriental hybrid lilies in Japan, identified two aromatics (benzyl alcohol and iso-eugenol) and two terpenoids (linalool and cis-ocimene). In addition,p-creosol (aromatics) was detected as a minor component. Based on sensual impressions, we assumed that iso-eugenol and p-creosol were the main causes of the unpleasant odor. We concluded that inhibitors of the biosynthesis of aromatics could decrease concentrations of these compounds and make the fragrance of 'Casa Blanca' less unpleasant. The biosynthesis of aromatics is generally catalyzed by phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). We used aminooxy acetic acid (AOA) and L-2-aminooxy-3-phenylpropionoic acid (AOPP) as PAL inhibitors. Application of AOA and AOPP at 0.1 mM and 1.0 mM by vase treatment decreased the emissions of scent compounds. For practical application, AOA was selected because of its much lower cost. Continuous treatment with AOA decreased the emissions of scent compounds to 10 to 20% of the control at a constant ratio at all times of day on the second and third days after flowering when 'Casa Blanca' emitted the greatest amounts of scent compounds. Similar effects were found on the last day of flowering. Under certain conditions, temporary treatment for 24 h evoked similar effects as continuous treatment. Application of 1.0 mM AOA caused chemical injury to the tepals, but 0.1 mM AOA did not. Treatment of plants with opened flowers was less effective than treatment at a late bud stage. In summary, continuous post-harvest treatment with 0.1 mM AOA of 'Casa Blanca' at late flower bud stages can decrease the emissions of scent compounds and render the fragrance milder without affecting flower morphology through its period of use as an ornamental.