Determining appropriate goals for restoration of imperilled communities and species
Determining appropriate goals for restoration of imperilled communities and species
复制标题
确定恢复濒危群落和物种的适当目标
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Stanley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Thorpe;A. Stanley
总结
1.保护和恢复工作者往往难以确定适当的恢复目标。 通常使用“预结算条件”（据信在欧洲结算之前已经存在的条件）。在这篇评论中，我们借鉴我们的经验，与土地管理者恢复本土生态系统在太平洋西北部（美国），讨论一些挑战，在使用前结算条件作为恢复目标。
2.我们发现，关于定居前社区的结构和组成的资料不够详细，无法确定数量上的恢复目标。
3.我们工作的系统已经从历史条件（正如我们所理解的那样）发生了如此大的变化，以至于模仿塑造这些社区的人为和“自然”干扰既困难又不可能保证成功。
4.此外，考虑到持续的全球变化，包括物种入侵、生境丧失和气候变化，定居前的条件可能不是适当的恢复目标。
5.合成与应用。 我们建议，恢复目标应基于生态原则，而不是侧重于历史基准，这将导致有弹性的，功能正常的生态系统。我们为科学家和管理人员如何共同努力定义和测试适当有效的恢复方法和目标提供了现实世界的例子。
Summary
1. Conservation and restoration practitioners often struggle to define appropriate targets for restoration. Frequently, ‘pre-settlement conditions’ (the conditions that are believed to have existed prior to European settlement) are used. In this review, we draw on our experiences working with land-managers to restore native ecosystems in the Pacific Northwest (USA) to discuss some of the challenges in using pre-settlement conditions as a restoration target.
2. We have found that information on the structure and composition of pre-settlement communities does not exist in sufficient detail to set quantitative restoration targets.
3. The systems we work in have been so altered from the historic condition (as we best understand it), that mimicking the anthropogenic and ‘natural’ disturbances that shaped these communities is both difficult and unlikely to guarantee success.
4. Furthermore, the pre-settlement condition may not be an appropriate restoration goal given on-going global changes, including species invasions, habitat loss, and climate change.
5. Synthesis and applications. We suggest that rather than focusing on historic benchmarks, restoration goals should be based on ecological principles that will lead to resilient, functioning ecosystems. We provide real-world examples for how scientists and managers can work together to define and test appropriate and effective restoration methods and targets.