Erosion Mechanism of Claypan Soils in Southeastern Kansas
Erosion Mechanism of Claypan Soils in Southeastern Kansas
复制标题
堪萨斯州东南部粘土的侵蚀机制
DOI：
10.1061/9780784482155.008
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Sassenrath
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Mathis;T. Tran;S. Tucker;G. Sassenrath
在美国，粘土岩土壤覆盖面积约为40，469 km2，其特征是在距地面0.5 m范围内具有高度不渗透层。这一不透水层充当了渗透水的屏障，可能会增加侵蚀率和沉积物迁移。与这些过程相关的两个主要问题是桥台冲刷和水库沉积。这项研究的重点是破坏表层土壤由于不渗透粘土层在东南部堪萨斯。使用激光雷达衍生的数字高程图在两个0.45平方公里的网站确定的潜在领域的关键土壤流失和水文流动模式。这些地点位于高海拔和低海拔地区。电阻率层析成像（ERT）被用于激光雷达识别的区域，以测量粘土层的深度，最初认为整个区域的深度是均匀的。结果表明，粘土层位于0.5至0.75 m之间，并从高海拔地区向低海拔地区扩散。未受干扰的土壤样品收集的ERT分析的基础上，在有和没有粘土的地区。利用侵蚀函数仪（EFA）直接测定表层径流侵蚀量，探讨表层土壤流失的控制机制。在粘土层侵蚀机制方面获得的知识将改善对近地表土壤可蚀性的预测，以支持老化的基础设施。
Claypan soils cover approximately 40,469 km2in the United States and are characterized by a highly impermeable layer within 0.5 m from the ground surface. This impermeable layer acts as a barrier for infiltrating water, which may increase erosion rates and sediment transport. Two of the main problems associated with these processes are abutment scour and reservoir sedimentation. This study focuses on the undermining of surficial soils due to an impermeable claypan layer in southeastern Kansas. The potential areas of critical soil loss and hydrologic flow patterns were determined using LiDAR-derived digital elevation maps across two 0.45 km2sites. These sites were located in areas of both high and low elevation. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used in areas identified with LiDAR to measure the depth to claypan, which was originally believed to be uniform across the region. The results indicated that the claypan layer was located from 0.5 to 0.75 m and dissipated moving across the site from an area of high elevation to an area of low elevation. Undisturbed soil samples were collected based on the ERT analysis, in areas with and without the claypan. An erosion function apparatus (EFA) was used to directly measure erosion due to sheet flow and to identify the controlling mechanism causing surficial soil loss. The knowledge gained on claypan erosion mechanisms will improve the prediction of near surface soil erodibility to support aging infrastructure.