The social structural foundations of adaptation and transformation in social-ecological systems
The social structural foundations of adaptation and transformation in social-ecological systems
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DOI：
10.5751/es-09769-220416
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Robins, Garry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barnes, Michele L.;Bodin, Orjan;Robins, Garry
社交网络经常被认为是促进相互联系的社会生态系统成功适应和转型以克服紧迫的资源管理挑战的关键。然而，对于适应与转型的确切性质以及促进这些过程的特定社会网络结构仍然存在困惑。在这里，我们采用了网络的角度来理论化的社会生态系统的结构能力，有效的适应和转型的阶段。我们开始借鉴弹性文献和多层次的行动情况，在社会生态系统的变化过程中，跨多层的规则支持社会组织的决策。然后，我们提出了一个框架，假设七个具体的社会生态网络配置，奠定了必要的结构基础，促进适应和转型，鉴于所需的人类行动的类型和规模。该框架的一个关键贡献是明确考虑了社交网络与生态结构和手头的特定环境问题的关系。在所确定的七种配置中，三种与有利于适应的能力有关，三种与转型有关，一种被假设对促进这两个进程都很重要。我们讨论了我们的理论框架可以在实践中应用，突出现有的实证例子，从相关的环境治理背景。进一步扩展我们的假设，特别是随着更多的数据变得可用，最终可以帮助指导制度安排的设计，以更有效地应对变化。
Social networks are frequently cited as vital for facilitating successful adaptation and transformation in linked social-ecological systems to overcome pressing resource management challenges. Yet confusion remains over the precise nature of adaptation vs. transformation and the specific social network structures that facilitate these processes. Here, we adopt a network perspective to theorize a continuum of structural capacities in social-ecological systems that set the stage for effective adaptation and transformation. We begin by drawing on the resilience literature and the multilayered action situation to link processes of change in social-ecological systems to decision making across multiple layers of rules underpinning societal organization. We then present a framework that hypothesizes seven specific social-ecological network configurations that lay the structural foundation necessary for facilitating adaptation and transformation, given the type and magnitude of human action required. A key contribution of the framework is explicit consideration of how social networks relate to ecological structures and the particular environmental problem at hand. Of the seven configurations identified, three are linked to capacities conducive to adaptation and three to transformation, and one is hypothesized to be important for facilitating both processes. We discuss how our theoretical framework can be applied in practice by highlighting existing empirical examples from related environmental governance contexts. Further extension of our hypotheses, particularly as more data become available, can ultimately help guide the design of institutional arrangements to be more effective at dealing with change.