Conformational risk factors of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in pugs, French bulldogs, and bulldogs
Conformational risk factors of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in pugs, French bulldogs, and bulldogs
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0181928
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ladlow, Jane F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Nai-Chieh;Troconis, Eileen L.;Ladlow, Jane F.
短头犬，或短口犬，如哈巴狗，法国斗牛犬和斗牛犬，容易发生构象相关的呼吸系统疾病-短头阻塞性气道综合征（BOAS）。受影响的狗表现出广泛的临床症状，从打鼾和运动不耐受到危及生命的事件，如晕厥。在这项研究中，BOAS的构象风险因素，可能有助于繁殖远离BOAS的寻求。研究中包括604只哈巴狗、法国斗牛犬和斗牛犬。使用软带测量头部和身体，并评价观察者间的再现性。品种特异性模型的开发，以评估之间的关联的构象因素和BOAS状态的基础上功能分级。通过BOAS指数进一步验证模型，BOAS指数是使用全身气压体积描记法对呼吸功能的客观测量。最终的模型对于区分BOAS（-）和BOAS（+）表型具有良好的预测能力，由受试者工作曲线上>80%的曲线下面积值指示。当其他因素被控制，狭窄的鼻孔与BOAS在所有三个品种;哈巴狗和斗牛犬具有较高的身体状况评分（BCS）有较高的风险发展BOAS。在标准化的构象测量（即颅面比（CFR），眼宽比（EWR），头骨指数（SI），颈围比（NGR），和颈长比（NLR）），哈巴狗EWR和SI，法国斗牛犬NGR和NLR，斗牛犬SI和NGR显示出显着的BOAS状态的相关性。然而，牛头犬的NGR是唯一具有令人满意的观察者间重现性的显著预测因子。雄性斗牛犬NGR高于0.71可预测BOAS，敏感性和特异性约为70%。总之，鼻孔狭窄、BCS和NGR被认为是BOAS（+）的有效且易于应用的预测因子。
Extremely brachycephalic, or short-muzzled, dog breeds such as pugs, French bulldogs, and bulldogs are prone to the conformation-related respiratory disorder-brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). Affected dogs present with a wide range of clinical signs from snoring and exercise intolerance, to life-threatening events such as syncope. In this study, conformational risk factors for BOAS that could potentially aid in breeding away from BOAS were sought. Six hundred and four pugs, French bulldogs, and bulldogs were included in the study. Soft tape measurements of the head and body were used and the inter-observer reproducibility was evaluated. Breed-specific models were developed to assess the associations between the conformational factors and BOAS status based on functional grading. The models were further validated by means of a BOAS index, which is an objective measurement of respiratory function using whole-body barometric plethysmography. The final models have good predictive power for discriminating BOAS (-) and BOAS (+) phenotypes indicated by the area under the curve values of >80% on the receiver operating curves. When other factors were controlled, stenotic nostrils were associated with BOAS in all three breeds; pugs and bulldogs with higher body condition scores (BCS) had a higher risk of developing BOAS. Among the standardized conformational measurements (i.e. craniofacial ratio (CFR), eye width ratio (EWR), skull index (SI), neck girth ratio (NGR), and neck length ratio (NLR)), for pugs EWR and SI, for French bulldogs NGR and NLR, and for bulldogs SI and NGR showed significant associations with BOAS status. However, the NGR in bulldogs was the only significant predictor that also had satisfactory inter-observer reproducibility. A NGR higher than 0.71 in male bulldogs was predictive of BOAS with approximately 70% sensitivity and specificity. In conclusion, stenotic nostrils, BCS, and NGR were found to be valid, easily applicable predictors for BOAS (+).