Social instability and immunity in rhesus monkeys: the role of the sympathetic nervous system
Social instability and immunity in rhesus monkeys: the role of the sympathetic nervous system
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2014.0104
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发表时间：
2015-05-26
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Cole, Steven W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Capitanio, John P.;Cole, Steven W.
社会不稳定会对内分泌、免疫和健康结果产生不利影响，最近的证据表明交感神经系统（SNS）可能介导这些影响。我们对成年雄性恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）进行了两项研究，以了解社会条件如何影响SNS活动和免疫功能。在实验1中，动物在稳定的社会条件下进行社会化，然后切换到不稳定（压力）的社会条件，然后返回到稳定的社会条件。分析揭示了行为测量、肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素尿液代谢物以及免疫反应基因表达的二次效应：正如预期的那样，社会不稳定对大多数测量产生了不利影响，在重新施加稳定条件后，这种影响得到了补救。皮质醇水平未受影响。实验2采用拟交感神经药物甲基苯丙胺刺激SNS；动物也在稳定或不稳定的群体中经历了社会化。令人惊讶的是，当甲基苯丙胺升高血浆儿茶酚胺时，淋巴结的反应与社会而非药物有关：社会不稳定上调淋巴结中SNS纤维的密度，下调I型干扰素基因表达。综上所述，这些结果表明社交网络对社会条件极为敏感；因此，充分了解社会不稳定对卫生的不利影响应纳入这一卫生相关系统的措施。
Social instability can adversely affect endocrine, immune and health outcomes, and recent evidence suggests that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) might mediate these effects. We conducted two studies with adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to understand how social conditions affect measures of SNS activity and immune function. In Experiment 1, animals were socialized in stable social conditions, then were switched to unstable (stressful) social conditions, then were returned to stable conditions. Analysis revealed quadratic effects for measures of behaviour, urinary metabolites of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and expression of immune response genes: as expected, social instability adversely impacted most measures, and the effects remediated upon re-imposition of stable conditions. Cortisol levels were unaffected. In Experiment 2, we used the sympathomimetic drug methamphetamine to challenge the SNS; animals also underwent socialization in stable or unstable groups. Surprisingly, while methamphetamine elevated plasma catecholamines, responses in lymph nodes tracked the social, and not the drug, condition: social instability upregulated the density of SNS fibres in lymph nodes and downregulated Type I interferon gene expression. Together, these results indicate that the SNS is extremely sensitive to social conditions; full understanding of the adverse effects of social instability on health should therefore incorporate measures of this health-relevant system.