Nordic Disability Policies in a Changing Europe: Is There Still a Distinct Nordic Model?
Nordic Disability Policies in a Changing Europe: Is There Still a Distinct Nordic Model?
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不断变化的欧洲中的北欧残疾人政策：是否仍然存在独特的北欧模式？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Hvinden
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Hvinden
北欧福利国家的特点通常是公共服务的包罗性或制度性，包括一般的公共服务，尤其是针对残疾人的公共服务。人们认为，与其他西方国家的条款相比，条款在覆盖面上更具普遍性，在福利水平和提供服务方面更慷慨，更注重预防和协调。然而，北欧残疾保护体系的成功最近受到了各种理由的质疑。这些批评导致了最近推出或即将实施的一些改革。这种重新定位可能会降低北欧模式在这一特定领域的一些特征的突出程度。在欧洲一体化的持续影响下，我们可能会看到重点从再分配条款--特别是收入转移--转向旨在确保可获得性和打击歧视的规范性条款。
Nordic welfare states have usually been characterized by encompassing or institutional systems of public provisions, both in general and for people with impairment in particular. Provisions have been perceived as being more universalistic in coverage, more generous in terms of benefit levels and availability of services, and with a greater emphasis on prevention and coordination, than provisions in other Western countries. Yet the success of the Nordic system of disability protection has recently been questioned on various grounds. These criticisms have resulted in a number of reforms recently introduced or about to be implemented. This reorientation is likely to reduce the prominence of some characteristics of the Nordic model in this particular area. Under the ongoing influence of European integration, we will probably see a shift of emphasis away from redistributive provisions—especially income transfers—to regulative provisions, meant to ensure accessibility and combat discrimination.