Changes in the control of arm position, movement, and thalamic discharge during local inactivation in the globus pallidus of the monkey.
Changes in the control of arm position, movement, and thalamic discharge during local inactivation in the globus pallidus of the monkey.
复制标题
猴子苍白球局部失活期间手臂位置、运动和丘脑放电控制的变化。
DOI：
10.1152/jn.1996.75.3.1087
复制
发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Anderson,ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Inase,M;Buford,JA;Anderson,ME
1.为了研究基底神经节输出中断对肢体稳定性和运动的影响，将蝇蕈醇注射到训练在二维工作空间中使手臂运动到可见或记忆目标的猴子的内部苍白球（GPi）中。2.在记录到具有手臂运动活动的苍白球神经元的GPi部位注射低至0.25微克蝇蕈醇，随后在< 10分钟内对侧手臂发生漂移。漂移通常在屈肌方向。在苍白球外节内或附近的少数部位注射，有时会出现伸肌漂移。3.漂移是主动的（伴随着激动肌的激活），但可以被动物克服，导致在所需位置上的振荡运动。4.通过记录丘脑苍白球神经元对刺激的反应来确定丘脑的苍白球接收（PR）区。15个神经元被鉴定为PR细胞（n = 6）或PR区域内的活动被记录之前和之后的蝇蕈醇注入GPi。注射后，紧张性放电增加，在保持期间在47%的细胞研究。当姿势漂移也发生时，有一个密切的时间相关性注射后漂移发生的时间和时间，在该时间的紧张性放电率增加丘脑神经元，明确相关的手臂运动。5.在GPi中注射蝇蕈醇后，手臂运动到可见或记忆中的视觉目标位置的峰值速度降低，有时会增加运动时间。6.注射蝇蕈醇后，PR丘脑神经元的放电频率也增加在围运动期。然而，由于紧张性放电率的增加，活动中与阶段性运动相关的变化可以保持不变甚至减少。然而，注射后这种运动相关阶段性活动的变化不一定与峰值运动速度的变化一致。7.反应时间的变化是可变的蝇蕈醇注射后。在某些情况下，它增加了，而在其他情况下则减少了。研究的PR神经元活动的阶段性运动相关变化的发病时间没有改变注射。8.我们的数据表明，紧张性抑制输出的GPi，特别是皮质运动区，是特别重要的姿势稳定性的维护。在没有正常苍白球输出的情况下，可以基于当前或先前的视觉提示来实现期望的肢体位置，但是目标运动减慢。
1. To examine the effect of disruption of basal ganglia output on limb stability and movement, muscimol was injected into the internal globus pallidus (GPi) of monkeys trained to make arm movements to visible or remembered targets in a two-dimensional workspace. 2. Injections of as little as 0.25 micrograms muscimol at GPi sites at which pallidal neurons with arm movement activity had been recorded were followed by drift of the contralateral arm within < 10 min. Drift was usually in the flexor direction. Injections at a few sites in or near the external pallidal segment sometimes were followed by extensor drift. 3. Drift was active (accompanied by activation of agonist muscles), but could be overcome by the animal, resulting in an oscillating movement off and on the required position. 4. The pallidal-receiving (PR) area of the thalamus was identified by recording the response of thalamic neurons to stimulation in the globus pallidus. The activity of 15 neurons identified as PR cells (n = 6) or within the PR region was recorded both before and after injection of muscimol into GPi. After the injection, the tonic discharge increased during the hold period in 47% of the cells studied. When postural drift also occurred, there was a close temporal correlation between the postinjection time at which drift occurred and the time at which the tonic discharge rate increased in thalamic neurons that were clearly related to arm movement. 5. The peak velocity of arm movements to visible or remembered visual target locations was decreased after injection of muscimol into GPi, sometimes with an increase in movement time. 6. The firing rate of PR thalamic neurons after injection of muscimol was also increased during the perimovement period. Because of the increase in the tonic discharge rate, however, the phasic movement-related change in activity could stay the same or even decrease. Postinjection changes in this movement-related phasic activity, however, were not necessarily coincident with changes in peak movement velocity. 7. Changes in reaction time were variable after injection of muscimol. In some cases it was increased, and in others decreased. The time of onset of phasic movement-related changes in the activity of PR neurons studied was not altered by the injection. 8. Our data indicate that the tonic inhibitory output of GPi, in particular to the cortical motor areas, is especially important in the maintenance of postural stability. In the absence of normal pallidal output, desired limb position can be achieved on the basis of either current or prior visual cues, but targeted movements are slowed.