Economic costs of obesity and inactivity
Economic costs of obesity and inactivity
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DOI：
10.1097/00005768-199911001-00026
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发表时间：
1999-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Colditz, GA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Colditz, GA
目的：本文的目的是评估不活动的经济成本（包括那些归因于肥胖）。这些费用是已建立市场经济的国家中越来越多的久坐人口对公共健康影响的一个概要。疾病费用的组成部分包括因治疗疾病而产生的直接费用和因生产力损失（损失的工作日）和过早死亡而放弃的收入而产生的间接费用。方法：我们在Medline数据库中搜索报告肥胖或不活动的经济成本或疾病成本的研究。从确定的参考文献中，那些有关肥胖或肥胖引起的条件进行了审查。与不活动相关的慢性疾病包括冠心病（CHD）、高血压、II型糖尿病、结肠癌、抑郁和焦虑、骨质疏松性髋部骨折以及肥胖。不断增加。肥胖症或肥胖本身是II型糖尿病、高血压、CHD、胆囊疾病、骨关节炎和乳腺癌、结肠癌和子宫内膜癌的直接原因。提取了最新的估计数。为了估计通过消除不活动或肥胖可以预防的疾病比例，我们计算了人群归因风险百分比。美国基于患病率的疾病成本是以1995年美元计算的。结果如下：缺乏身体活动的直接成本（保守地定义为缺乏休闲时间身体活动）约为240亿美元，占美国医疗保健支出的2.4%。肥胖症的直接成本定义为身体质量指数大于30，以1995年美元计算，总计700亿美元。这些费用与缺乏活动所造成的费用无关。结论：总体而言，不活动和肥胖的直接成本约占美国国家卫生保健支出的9.4%。不活动及其广泛的健康后果，是美国和其他现代生活方式国家的疾病成本的主要可避免的贡献，这些生活方式已经用久坐不动的职业和机动化交通取代了体力劳动。
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess the economic costs of inactivity (including those attributable to obesity). These costs represent one summary of the public health impact of increasingly sedentary populations in countries with established market economies. Components of the costs of illness include direct costs resulting from treatment of morbidity and indirect costs caused by lost productivity (work days lost) and forgone earnings caused by premature mortality. Methods: We searched the Medline database for studies reporting the economic costs of obesity or inactivity, or cost of illness. From the identified references those relating to obesity or conditions attributable to obesity were reviewed. Chronic conditions related to inactivity include coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, Type II diabetes, colon cancer, depression and anxiety, osteoporotic hip fractures, and also obesity. Increasing. adiposity, or obesity, is itself a direct cause of Type II diabetes, hypertension, CHD, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis and cancer of the breast, colon, and endometrium. The most up-to-date estimates were extracted. To estimate the proportion of disease that could be prevented by eliminating inactivity or obesity we calculated the population-attributable risk percent. Prevalence based cost of illness for the U.S. is in 1995 dollars. Results: The direct costs of lack of physical activity, defined conservatively as absence of leisure-time physical activity, are approximately 24 billion dollars or 2.4% of the U.S. health care expenditures. Direct costs for obesity defined as body mass index greater than 30, in 1995 dollars, total 70 billion dollars. These costs are independent of those resulting from lack of activity. Conclusion: Overall, the direct costs of inactivity and obesity account for some 9.4% of the national health care expenditures in the United States. Inactivity, with its wide range of health consequences, represents a major avoidable contribution to the costs of illness in the United States and other countries with modern lifestyles that have replaced physical labor with sedentary occupations and motorized transportation.