Characterization of children's decision making: Sensitivity to punishment frequency, not task complexity
Characterization of children's decision making: Sensitivity to punishment frequency, not task complexity
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DOI：
10.1080/092970490911261
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
van der Molen, MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crone, EA;Bunge, SA;van der Molen, MW
在模拟现实生活中决策的赌博任务中，7 - 12岁的儿童表现得像双侧腹内侧前额叶皮层（VMPFC）受损的患者，尽管未来损失更大，但选择的选择会产生高的即时收益（Crone &货车der Molen，2004）。本研究通过改变任务复杂性和惩罚频率来描述决策的发展变化。三个年龄组（7-9岁，10-12岁，13-15岁）进行了两个版本的计算机变体的原始爱荷华州赌博任务。通过改变参与者可以做出的选择数量来操纵任务的复杂性。通过改变延迟惩罚的频率来操纵惩罚频率。结果表明，发展的敏感性增加，未来的后果，这是目前只有当惩罚是很少提出。这些结果不能用对任务复杂性的不同敏感性、对奖励的超敏性或接受惩罚后未能转换反应集来解释。一般来说，男孩的表现优于女孩，因为他们在任务过程中做出了更有利的选择。总之，7-12岁的儿童，像VMPFC患者，似乎对未来近视，除非未来的惩罚潜力很高。
On a gambling task that models real-life decision making, children between ages 7 and 12 perform like patients with bilateral lesions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), opting for choices that yield high immediate gains in spite of higher future losses (Crone & Van der Molen, 2004). The current study set out to characterize developmental changes in decision making by varying task complexity and punishment frequency. Three age groups (7-9 years, 10-12 years, 13-15 years) performed two versions of a computerized variant of the original Iowa gambling task. Task complexity was manipulated by varying the number of choices participants could make. Punishment frequency was manipulated by varying the frequency of delayed punishment. Results showed a developmental increase in the sensitivity to future consequences, which was present only when the punishment was presented infrequently. These results could not be explained by differential sensitivity to task complexity, hypersensitivity to reward, or failure to switch response set after receiving punishment. There was a general pattern of boys outperforming girls by making more advantageous choices over the course of the task. In conclusion, 7-12-year-old children-like VMPFC patients-appear myopic about the future except when the potential for future punishment is high.