Check-Dam System in Gullies The Most Effective Measure to Conserve Soil and Water in Chinese Loess Plateau *
Check-Dam System in Gullies The Most Effective Measure to Conserve Soil and Water in Chinese Loess Plateau *
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Xu Xiangzhou;Zhang Hong-wu;Feng Shunxin;Dong Zhandi;Gan Zhi-guo
中科院分区：
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作者：
Xu Xiangzhou;Zhang Hong-wu;Feng Shunxin;Dong Zhandi;Gan Zhi-guo
黄土梅萨沟壑区和黄土丘陵沟壑区面积约20万km 2，占全国黄土高原面积的30%，水土流失严重。控制该地区入黄泥沙的主要途径是种植措施和工程措施。前者因气候干旱、土壤贫瘠而不适宜于黄土高原，后者如梯田易受洪涝灾害。沟道淤地坝是黄土高原水土保持最有效的工程措施。目前，淤地坝系拦沙量最大，潜力仍有上升趋势，坝田以坝系农业著称，因其土肥水丰，成为最重要的高产农田或果园。在中国，淤地坝已经修建了几个世纪，但它的繁荣是在中华人民共和国成立后才出现的。近50年来，我国坝系建设取得了显著成就，但对淤地坝系的重视和工作原理的深入研究仍是当务之急。以两江两川地区典型的破碎化地貌小流域为例，进行了物理模型试验。
The Loess Mesa Ravine Region and the Loess Hill Ravine Region, which cover 200,000 km 2 , 30% area of the Loess Plateau in China, was seriously attacked by soil and water erosion. Two primary ways to control the sediment pouring into the Yellow River from this area are the planting measure and the engineering measure. The former is not suitable for the Loess Plateau due to the arid climate and the barren soil, and some of the later such as terrace farmlands are vulnerable to flood. As a widespread engineering measure, the check-dam system in gullies is the most effective way to conserve soil and water in the Loess Plateau. At present, the amount of sediment retained by check-dam systems is the largest in all measures and the potential is still tending upwards, and dam farmlands, celebrated for Dam System Agriculture, become the most important high-yield croplands or orchards for enriching in fertile soil and ample water. The check-dams have been built for centuries in China, but the boom came about ever since the foundation of the People's Republic of China. Though the achievements of dam system construction are notable in the latest 50 years, it is urgent to arouse nationwide attentions on check-dam systems and their working theory should also be studied thoroughly. Physical model experiments are recommended in the context of a typical small watershed with fragmentized physiognomy in the Two-River and Two-Chuan Zone.