Psychedelic medicine: The biology underlying the persisting psychedelic effects
Psychedelic medicine: The biology underlying the persisting psychedelic effects
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mehy.2019.02.029
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Kuypers, K. P. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kuypers, K. P. C.
迷幻物质作为治疗与压力有关的疾病的治疗剂重新引起了人们的兴趣。即使在单次给药后，这些影响似乎也具有持续性。此外，在低于“常规”娱乐剂量，所谓的微剂量，没有对意识的典型影响，用户报告对认知过程和福祉的有益影响。这些持续效应背后的确切神经生物学机制尚不清楚。虽然以前的研究主要集中在中枢神经系统，包括免疫系统和神经内分泌系统，但我提出睡眠和微生物组分别在常规和低剂量致幻剂的影响中发挥核心作用。这将解释为什么这是假设和研究，以测试这个想法提出。它的结论是，虽然这些研究需要了解迷幻药的生物学基础，它也是重要的，以整体的方式来接近它，包括所有上述生物过程迷幻剂已知的影响，并探讨其他物质相关的因素，如管理和形式的途径，以及因素，如饮食和生活方式的一部分，迷幻的经验。
Psychedelic substances have regained interest as therapeutic agents in the treatment of stress-related disorders. The effects seem to be of persisting nature even after a single dose. Also in lower than 'regular' recreational doses, so-called micro-doses, without the typical effects on consciousness, users report beneficial effects on cognitive processes and well-being. The exact neurobiological mechanism underlying these persisting effects is not clear. While previous research has mainly focused on the central nervous system including the immune system and the neuroendocrine system, I propose a central role for sleep and the microbiome in the effects of regular and low doses of psychedelics respectively. It will be explained why this is hypothesized and studies to test this idea proposed. It is concluded that while these studies are needed to understand the biology underlying psychedelic medicine, it is also important to approach it in a holistic way, including all the above mentioned biological processes psychedelics are known to affect, and explore the role of other substance-related factors like route of administration and form, and factors like diet and lifestyle which are part of the psychedelic experience.