Building ’ s external walls in Life-Cycle Assessment ( LCA ) research studies
Building ’ s external walls in Life-Cycle Assessment ( LCA ) research studies
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生命周期评估 (LCA) 研究中的建筑物外墙
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Pinheiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Silvestre;J. Brito;M. Pinheiro
应从生命周期的角度对建筑物的环境影响进行评价。这意味着，对于每个建筑组件，都要考虑到建筑材料的来源、在施工中使用的资源、维护作业、预期使用寿命以及更换或拆除作业。生命周期评估(LCA)综合方法是实现这一目标的最常用方法之一。这一方法可以通过“从摇篮到坟墓”的方法(包括原材料的提取和加工、运输和分配、使用、维护和最终处置)或“从摇篮到摇篮”的方法(也包括再利用和/或回收)来应用(Ortiz等人)。基于ISO 14040：2006和ISO 14044：2006国际标准(ISO 14040：2006(E)2006、ISO 14044：2006(E)2006)。在应用生命周期评价方法之后，必须创建关于工艺的广泛和可靠的生命周期清单(LCI)数据，即关于建筑材料的数据。这项工作已经在欧洲(ELCD欧洲生命周期数据库(2009年欧盟委员会))和北美(美国LCI数据库http://www.lcacenter.org/数据库.html)进行。围护结构是建筑的主要组成部分之一。外墙是围护结构的一个组成部分，通过其在围护结构初始体现能量、生命周期能耗、生命周期成本和使用者舒适性中的相当大的权重，直接影响建筑围护结构的热工性能和环境性能。在60年的生命周期中，它们可以代表高达15%的建筑总体环境影响(Bingel等人)。2006)。环境摘要：建筑物的环境影响评价应考虑建筑材料的来源、施工中使用的资源、维护作业、预期使用寿命以及每个建筑组件的更换和/或拆除作业。生命周期评估(LCA)综合方法允许收集关于建筑物生命周期所有这些阶段的数据，并对相应的环境影响进行评估。围护结构是建筑的主要组成部分之一，外墙直接影响建筑围护结构的热工性能和环境性能。本文详细回顾了近十多年来国际上有关建筑外墙环境影响的生命周期评价研究成果，并对主要成果进行了总结。此外，还提出了提高这些研究的可靠性、扩大研究范围和实用性的建议。生命周期评估(LCA)研究中的建筑外墙
The evaluation of the environmental impacts of buildings should be made from a life-cycle point of view. This implies the consideration, for each building assembly, of the source of the construction materials, of the resources used in their execution, of the maintenance operations, of their expected service life, and of the replacement or demolition operations. The life-cycle assessment (LCA) integrated approach is one of the most used ways to achieve this goal. This methodology could be applied via a “cradle to grave” approach (including the extraction and processing of raw materials, the transport and distribution, the use, maintenance and final disposal) or “cradle to cradle” approach (also including the reuse and/or recycling) (Ortiz et al. 2009) based on ISO 14040:2006 and ISO 14044:2006 international standards (ISO 14040:2006(E) 2006, ISO 14044:2006(E) 2006). The application of the LCA evaluation method must be followed by the creation of extensive and reliable Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) data on the processes, namely concerning the construction materials. This effort is already being done in Europe (ELCD European Life Cycle Database (Commission 2009)) and North America (US LCI Database http://www.lcacenter.org/ database.html). The envelope is one of the main parts of the buildings. One of its parts, the external walls, directly influence the thermal and environmental performance of the building envelope through their considerable weight in the envelope’s initial embodied energy, life cycle energy consumption, life cycle cost and the users comfort. They could represent up to 15 % of the overall environmental impacts of a building over a 60-year life cycle (Bingel et al. 2006). The environmenABSTRACT: The evaluation of the environmental impacts of buildings should consider the source of the construction materials, the resources used in the execution, the maintenance operations, the expected service life, and the replacement and/or demolition operations of each of the building assemblies. The Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) integrated approach allows for the collection of the data concerning all these phases of the building’s life-cycle and the evaluation of the corresponding environmental impacts. The envelope is one of the main parts of the buildings and the external walls directly influence the thermal and environmental performance of the building envelope. This paper presents a detailed review of LCA results of more than ten years of international research studies on the environmental impact of a building’s external walls, including the summary of the main results. The recommendations to improve the reliability and widen the scope and usefulness of these research studies are also presented. Building’s external walls in Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) research studies