Biological degradation of pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewater treatment:: Proposing a classification scheme
Biological degradation of pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewater treatment:: Proposing a classification scheme
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2006.02.014
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Siegrist, Hansruedi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Joss, Adriano;Zabczynski, Sebastian;Siegrist, Hansruedi
提出了一种简单的分类方案，以表征废水处理过程中药物、麝香和雌激素等微污染物的生物降解。该方案应成为讨论潜在去除效率的基础。因此，在典型浓度水平下，利用来自去除营养物的城市污水处理厂的活性污泥进行了批量实验，研究了25种药物、激素和香料的生物降解。由于观察到所有化合物低至ngL（-1）水平的伪一级降解动力学，因此可以预测各种反应器配置的去除率。因此，对废水进行稀释（例如用外来水）有望降低生物去除的程度。因此，在源头上对废水进行隔离和处理比集中的管道末端处理更有利于消除持久性微污染物。对于用于去除城市污水中营养物质的典型反应器配置，导出的预测去除率公式允许根据其降解常数k（生物醇）识别三组微污染物：k（生物醇）为90%的化合物和介于两者之间的中等去除率。基于对35种异质化合物（包括文献数据）的降解，最先进的城市废水生物处理方案在降解药物方面效率不高：35种化合物中只有4种降解率超过90%，而17种化合物的去除率低于50%。
A simple classification scheme is suggested to characterize the biological degradation of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, musk fragrances and estrogens during wastewater treatment. The scheme should be a basis for the discussion about potential removal efficiencies. Hence, the biological degradation of 25 pharmaceuticals, hormones and fragrances was studied in batch experiments at typical concentration levels using activated sewage sludge originating from nutrient-eliminating municipal wastewater treatment plants.Since pseudo first-order degradation kinetics was observed for all compounds down to ngL(-1) levels, the removal rates can be predicted for various reactor configurations. Therefore dilution of wastewater (e.g. by extraneous water) is expected to reduce the degree of biological removal. Wastewater segregation and treatment at the source are therefore to be favoured for elimination of persistent micropollutants over centralized end-of-pipe treatment. For reactor configurations typical for nutrient removal in municipal wastewater, the derived formula for predicting removal allows the identification of three groups of micropollutants according to their degradation constant k(biol): compounds with k(biol)90% and in-between moderate removal is expected. Based on the degradation of a heterogeneous group of 35 compounds (including literature data), state of the art biological treatment schemes for municipal wastewater are not efficient in degrading pharmaceuticals: only 4 out of 35 compounds are degraded by more than 90% while 17 compounds are removed by less than 50%.