Maintaining Perceived Control with Unemployment Facilitates Future Adjustment.
Maintaining Perceived Control with Unemployment Facilitates Future Adjustment.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jvb.2016.01.006
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Heckhausen J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Infurna FJ;Gerstorf D;Ram N;Schupp J;Wagner GG;Heckhausen J
失业是个人发展的一大挑战。缓解失业负面影响的一个重要的个人资源可能是感知控制，这是一种通用的信仰体系。然而，关于知觉控制本身如何随失业经历而变化，以及这种知觉控制变化的前因、关联和结果在不同年龄段是什么，我们知之甚少。我们使用德国社会经济小组研究的数据(N=413名经历失业的人和N=413名病例配对的对照；数据收集的时间段：1994-1996)来检验知觉控制是否随着失业而变化，探索社会人口、心理社会和健康因素在调节这种变化中的作用，并调查失业前的知觉控制水平和与失业相关的知觉控制变化是否可以预测长达五年的失业相关结果。结果表明，平均而言，控制感在失业情况下保持相对稳定，年轻和年长的员工在这方面没有区别。然而，在控制感的变化上有相当大的个体差异，女性和受教育年限较少的人在感受到的控制感上由于失业而下降得更多。失业前较低的控制力水平和与失业有关的控制力下降幅度较大，都与失业后12个月内保持失业的风险较高有关。与失业相关的控制感下降幅度更大，也预示着在接下来的五年里生活满意度会降低。我们讨论了感知控制可能有助于适应失业的可能途径，考虑了感知控制在更好地理解失业动态方面的作用，并提出了进一步以过程为导向的研究路线。
Unemployment is a major challenge to individuals' development. An important personal resource to ameliorate the negative impact of unemployment may be perceived control, a general-purpose belief system. Little is known, however, about how perceived control itself changes with the experience of unemployment and what the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of such change in perceived control are in different ages. We use data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (N = 413 who experienced unemployment and N = 413 case-matched controls; time period of data collection: 1994 – 1996) to examine whether perceived control changes with unemployment, explore the role of socio-demographic, psychosocial and health factors in moderating such change, and investigate whether levels of perceived control prior to unemployment and unemployment-related change in perceived control predict unemployment-related outcomes up to five years following. Results indicated that, on average, perceived control remained relatively stable with unemployment, and that younger and older workers did not differ in this regard. However, there were sizeable individual differences in change in perceived control, with women and those with fewer years of education experiencing greater unemployment-related declines in perceived control. Lower levels of perceived control prior to unemployment and steeper unemployment-related decrements in perceived control were each associated with a higher risk of remaining unemployed in the 12 months immediately following unemployment. Steeper unemployment-related declines in perceived control also predicted lower life satisfaction up to five years following. We discuss possible pathways by which perceived control may facilitate adjustment to unemployment, consider the role of perceived control for better understanding the dynamics of unemployment, and suggest routes for further more process-oriented inquiry.