Does dispersal make the heart grow bolder? Avoidance of anthropogenic habitat elements across wolf life history
Does dispersal make the heart grow bolder? Avoidance of anthropogenic habitat elements across wolf life history
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.06.015
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Fagan, William F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barry, Timothy;Gurarie, Eliezer;Fagan, William F.
分散是一个基本的生态过程，在个人层面上，与内在和固定的人格特征，如“大胆”。然而，目前尚不清楚是否个性特征或行为综合征可能会改变作为分散本身的结果。我们分析了14个GPS领灰狼，狼，在芬兰，分散从他们的纳塔尔地和定居在新的领土，以及22个时间匹配的非分散控制。我们使用狼避免低使用率的森林道路，高使用率的主要道路和房屋作为大胆的代理，我们估计狼对这些功能在空间尺度和分散阶段的反应。狼已经占据了芬兰人口密度较低的部分地区，并扩展到人类影响更大的地区，但对相对较低的人类存在有着强大的大规模选择。在更精细的尺度上，避免人类元素的分散阶段的功能不同。在分散期间，避开森林道路、主要道路和房屋的情况远低于纳塔尔地，这反映出在陌生环境中以小群（单独或与单身伴侣）移动时需要承担更多风险。在新的领土定居后，即使在控制了可用性的变化后，回避这些元素的强度仍然低于纳塔尔地。这些结果表明，经历了一个重大的生活史转变，如分散，可能会影响人格特征本身。(C)2020动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Dispersal is a fundamental ecological process that, on an individual level, is associated with intrinsic and fixed personality traits such as 'boldness'. However, it is unknown whether personality traits or behavioural syndromes might change as a consequence of dispersal itself. We analysed 14 GPS-collared grey wolves, Canis lupus, in Finland that dispersed from their natal territories and settled in new territories, as well as 22 time-matched nondispersing controls. We used wolf avoidance of low-use forest roads, high-use primary roads and houses as proxies for boldness, and we estimated wolf responses to these features across spatial scales and across dispersal phases. Wolves, which already occupy portions of Finland with low human density, expanded into more human-impacted areas, but with a strong large-scale selection for relatively low human presence. At the finer scale, avoidance of human elements varied as a function of dispersal phase. During dispersal, avoidance of forest roads, primary roads and houses was substantially lower than in natal territories, reflecting the need to take more risks while moving in a small group (alone or with a single mate) in unfamiliar environments. After settling in new territories, the strength of avoidance of those elements continued to be lower than in natal territories, even after controlling for changes in availability. These results suggest that experiences gained across a major life-history transition, such as dispersal, might themselves influence personality traits. (C) 2020 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.