Self-harm and suicide in adolescents
Self-harm and suicide in adolescents
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60322-5
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发表时间：
2012-06-23
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
O'Connor, Rory C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hawton, Keith;Saunders, Kate E. A.;O'Connor, Rory C.
自残和自杀是青少年的主要公共卫生问题，青少年时期的自残率很高，自杀是全球年轻人第二大常见死因。自残和自杀的重要因素包括遗传脆弱性以及精神、心理、家庭、社会和文化因素。媒体和传染的影响也很重要，互联网在当代发挥着重要作用。预防自残和自杀既需要针对一般年轻人的普遍措施，也需要针对高危群体的有针对性的举措。几乎没有证据表明心理治疗或药物治疗有效，特别是围绕抗抑郁药的有效性存在争议。限制获得自杀手段很重要。主要挑战包括进一步了解导致年轻人自残和自杀的因素，特别是传染的机制和新媒体的影响。最重要的是确定针对年轻人和高危人群的成功预防举措，并为自残者制定有效的治疗方法。
Self-harm and suicide are major public health problems in adolescents, with rates of self-harm being high in the teenage years and suicide being the second most common cause of death in young people worldwide. Important contributors to self-harm and suicide include genetic vulnerability and psychiatric, psychological, familial, social, and cultural factors. The effects of media and contagion are also important, with the internet having an important contemporary role. Prevention of self-harm and suicide needs both universal measures aimed at young people in general and targeted initiatives focused on high-risk groups. There is little evidence of effectiveness of either psychosocial or pharmacological treatment, with particular controversy surrounding the usefulness of antidepressants. Restriction of access to means for suicide is important. Major challenges include the development of greater understanding of the factors that contribute to self-harm and suicide in young people, especially mechanisms underlying contagion and the effect of new media. The identification of successful prevention initiatives aimed at young people and those at especially high risk, and the establishment of effective treatments for those who self-harm, are paramount needs.