ATP consumption by mammalian rod photoreceptors in darkness and in light.

ATP consumption by mammalian rod photoreceptors in darkness and in light.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.029
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发表时间:
2008-12-23
期刊:
Current biology : CB
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Fain GL
Fain GL
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Okawa H;Sampath AP;Laughlin SB;Fain GL

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为什么脊椎动物的视杆细胞和视锥细胞会过度增殖,而昆虫的眼睛只有一个去极化的光感受器可以在所有的光线水平下发挥作用?我们回答这个问题,至少在一定程度上与一个全面的评估ATP消耗哺乳动物杆的电压和电流和最近发表的生理和生化数据。在黑暗中,视杆细胞消耗108 ATP s-1,与果蝇的光感受器大致相同。与光转导和突触传递相关的离子通量占主导地位;在CNS中,第二信使级联的酶的贡献是令人惊讶的小。在日光下抑制视杆细胞反应会关闭光门通道,并将总能量消耗减少> 75%,但在果蝇中,光会打开通道,并使消耗增加五倍。因此,杆提供了一种能量有效的机制,在昏暗的光线下不存在于横纹光感受器的高灵敏度的视觉。视杆细胞在代谢上比视锥细胞的“代价”更小,因为视锥细胞在强光下不会饱和,并使用更多的ATP s-1来激活转导蛋白和视紫红质磷酸化。这有助于解释为什么脊椎动物的视网膜是双重的,以及为什么一些白天活动的动物,如灵长类动物,有少量的视锥细胞,集中在一个高度敏锐的区域。
Why do vertebrates use rods and cones that hyperpolarize, when in insect eyes a single depolarizing photoreceptor can function at all light levels? We answer this question at least in part with a comprehensive assessment of ATP consumption for mammalian rods from voltages and currents and recently published physiological and biochemical data. In darkness, rods consume 108 ATP s−1, about the same as Drosophila photoreceptors. Ion fluxes associated with phototransduction and synaptic transmission dominate; as in CNS, the contribution of enzymes of the second-messenger cascade is surprisingly small. Suppression of rod responses in daylight closes light-gated channels and reduces total energy consumption by >75%, but in Drosophila light opens channels and increases consumption five-fold. Rods therefore provide an energy-efficient mechanism for high-sensitivity vision in dim light not present in rhabdomeric photoreceptors. Rods are metabolically less “costly” than cones, since cones do not saturate in bright light and use more ATP s−1 for transducin activation and rhodopsin phosphorylation. This helps to explain why the vertebrate retina is duplex, and why some diurnal animals like primates have a small number of cones, concentrated in a region of high acuity.
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