Climate-Science Communication and the Measurement Problem
Climate-Science Communication and the Measurement Problem
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DOI：
10.1111/pops.12244
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Kahan, Dan M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kahan, Dan M.
本文探讨了科学的科学传播测量问题。在最简单的形式，这个问题反映了使用外部无效措施的动态，产生文化冲突的风险和其他政策相关的事实。但在更基本的层面上，科学传播的科学测量问题存在于被测量的现象本身。个人对气候变化等社会风险形成的信念并不是一件事;相反，它们反映了个人在为两个不同的目的获取信息时得出的不同的推论群：获得科学提供的集体知识，以及享受由特定文化承诺定义的社区成员身份所带来的认同感。本文展示了如何适当设计的科学理解测试，一个一般的和一个具体的气候变化可以用来衡量个人的推理能力作为集体知识的获取者独立的推理能力作为文化身份的保护者。这样做表明，事实上，在科学对气候变化的了解方面，文化多样性的公民之间几乎没有分歧。气候变化争议以及类似的社会风险争议的根源在于科学传播环境受到文化地位竞争形式的污染，这使得不同的公民不可能同时表达他们作为集体知识获取者和文化身份保护者的理性。
This article examines the science-of-science-communication measurement problem. In its simplest form, the problem reflects the use of externally invalid measures of the dynamics that generate cultural conflict over risk and other policy-relevant facts. But at a more fundamental level, the science-of-science-communication measurement problem inheres in the phenomena being measured themselves. The beliefs individuals form about a societal risk such as climate change are not of a piece; rather they reflect the distinct clusters of inferences that individuals draw as they engage information for two distinct ends: to gain access to the collective knowledge furnished by science and to enjoy the sense of identity enabled by membership in a community defined by particular cultural commitments. The article shows how appropriately designed science comprehension testsone general and one specific to climate changecan be used to measure individuals' reasoning proficiency as collective-knowledge acquirers independently of their reasoning proficiency as cultural-identity protectors. Doing so reveals that there is in fact little disagreement among culturally diverse citizens on what science knows about climate change. The source of the climate-change controversy and like disputes over societal risks is the contamination of the science-communication environment with forms of cultural status competition that make it impossible for diverse citizens to express their reason as both collective-knowledge acquirers and cultural-identity protectors at the same time.