Air pollution and bronchitic symptoms in Southern California children with asthma
Air pollution and bronchitic symptoms in Southern California children with asthma
复制标题
DOI：
10.2307/3434662
复制
发表时间：
1999-09-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Peters, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McConnell, R;Berhane, K;Peters, JM
一项横断面研究探讨了空气污染与有哮喘病史或相关症状的儿童慢性下呼吸道症状患病率之间的关系。来自南加州 12 个社区教室的 3,676 名四年级、七年级和十年级学生的家长完成了调查问卷，描述了孩子们的呼吸道疾病史和相关危险因素。对有哮喘病史、有喘息但未诊断哮喘以及既无喘息又无哮喘的儿童进行了支气管炎、慢性痰和慢性咳嗽的患病率调查。通过每个社区的监测站估算了每年环境中臭氧、颗粒物（PM10 和 PM2.5；空气动力学直径分别小于或等于 10 μm 和 < 2.5 μm）、酸蒸气和二氧化氮 (NO2) 的平均暴露量。仅在哮喘儿童中观察到空气污染与支气管炎和痰之间存在正相关。随着社区中 PM10 的增加，支气管炎的每四分位数范围的风险也相应增加[比值比 (OR) 1.4/19 mu g/m(3)； 95% 置信区间 (CI)，1.1-1.8)。痰的患病率增加与暴露于除臭氧之外的所有环境污染物的增加显着相关。根据 12 个社区每四分位数范围的相对风险（OR 2.7/24 ppb；CI，1.4-5.3），NO2 的关联性最强。结果表明，先前诊断出哮喘的儿童在暴露于南加州的空气污染时更有可能出现持续的下呼吸道症状。
The association of air pollution with the prevalence of chronic lower respiratory tract symptoms among children with a history of asthma or related symptoms was examined in a cross-sectional study. Parents of a total of 3,676 fourth, seventh, and tenth graders from classrooms in 12 communities in Southern California completed questionnaires that characterized the children's histories of respiratory illness and associated risk factors. The prevalences of bronchitis, chronic phlegm, and chronic cough were investigated among children with a history of asthma, wheeze without diagnosed asthma, and neither wheeze nor asthma. Average ambient annual exposure to ozone, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5; less than or equal to 10 mu m and < 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter, respectively), acid vapor, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was estimated from monitoring stations in each community. Positive associations between air pollution and bronchitis and phlegm were observed only among children with asthma. As PM10 increased across communities, there was a corresponding increase in the risk per interquartile range of bronchitis [odds ratio (OR) 1.4/19 mu g/m(3); 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-1.8). Increased prevalence of phlegm was significantly associated with increasing exposure to all ambient pollutants except ozone. The strongest association was for NO2, based on relative risk per interquartile range in the 12 communities (OR 2.7/24 ppb; CI, 1.4-5.3). The results suggest that children with a prior diagnosis of asthma are more likely to develop persistent lower respiratory tract symptoms when exposed to air pollution in Southern California.