Negative and positive integration in the political economy of European welfare states
Negative and positive integration in the political economy of European welfare states
复制标题
欧洲福利国家政治经济的消极和积极一体化
DOI：
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复制
发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Scharpf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Scharpf
欧洲一体化进程的特点是根本的不对称，约瑟夫·韦勒（1981）准确地描述为超国家欧洲法律和政府间欧洲政策制定之间的二元论。正如Weiler（1994）所指出的那样，政治科学家长期以来只关注政府间谈判的各个方面，而在很大程度上忽视了由法官制定的法律建立的欧洲法律秩序，其优先于国家法律。这种遗漏使我们无法认识到维勒的二元论与我们更熟悉的“消极”和“积极一体化”（Tinbergen, 1965； Rehbinder和Stewart， 1984）之间的政治意义上的相似之处，即增加市场一体化的措施（通过消除对贸易和扭曲竞争的限制）与塑造市场运作条件的欧洲共同政策之间的相似之处。
The process of European integration is characterized by a fundamental asymmetry, described accurately by Joseph Weiler (1981) as a dualism between supranational European law and intergovernmental European policy making. As Weiler (1994) points out, political scientists have for too long focused only on aspects of intergovernmental negotiations while largely ignoring the establishment, by judge-made law, of a European legal order with precedence over national law. This omission has kept us from recognizing the politically significant parallel between Weiler’s dualism and the more familiar contrast between ‘negative’ and ‘positive integration’ (Tinbergen, 1965; Rehbinder and Stewart, 1984), that is, between measures increasing market integration (by eliminating restraints on trade and distortions of competition) and common European policies to shape the conditions under which markets operate.