Behavioral and physiological consequences of sleep restriction.
Behavioral and physiological consequences of sleep restriction.
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DOI：
10.5664/jcsm.26918
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发表时间：
2007-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Banks;D. Dinges
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Banks;D. Dinges
充足的睡眠对身体的正常运转至关重要。本文综述了近年来关于慢性睡眠限制对神经行为和生理功能影响的研究，并讨论了其对健康和生活方式的影响。将睡眠时间限制在个人最佳床上时间（TIB）以下会导致一系列神经行为缺陷，包括注意力缺失、工作记忆减慢、认知吞吐量降低、情绪低落和思维停滞。在部分睡眠不足的情况下，神经行为缺陷会在数天内累积，达到与完全睡眠不足1至3晚后的水平相当的水平。最近的实验表明，连续数天每晚睡眠时间被长期限制在7小时以下，严重的白天认知功能障碍的累积程度与严重急性完全睡眠剥夺后的水平相当。此外，对睡眠限制的神经行为反应的个体差异似乎是稳定的，这表明在与认知有关的神经生物学系统中存在类似性状（可能是遗传）的差异脆弱性或代偿性变化。睡眠时间减少在不良健康结果中的因果作用尚不清楚，但对健康成年人进行的睡眠限制的实验室研究发现，睡眠限制对内分泌功能、代谢和炎症反应产生不利影响，这表明睡眠限制可能产生不健康的生理后果。
Adequate sleep is essential for general healthy functioning. This paper reviews recent research on the effects of chronic sleep restriction on neurobehavioral and physiological functioning and discusses implications for health and lifestyle. Restricting sleep below an individual's optimal time in bed (TIB) can cause a range of neurobehavioral deficits, including lapses of attention, slowed working memory, reduced cognitive throughput, depressed mood, and perseveration of thought. Neurobehavioral deficits accumulate across days of partial sleep loss to levels equivalent to those found after 1 to 3 nights of total sleep loss. Recent experiments reveal that following days of chronic restriction of sleep duration below 7 hours per night, significant daytime cognitive dysfunction accumulates to levels comparable to that found after severe acute total sleep deprivation. Additionally, individual variability in neurobehavioral responses to sleep restriction appears to be stable, suggesting a trait-like (possibly genetic) differential vulnerability or compensatory changes in the neurobiological systems involved in cognition. A causal role for reduced sleep duration in adverse health outcomes remains unclear, but laboratory studies of healthy adults subjected to sleep restriction have found adverse effects on endocrine functions, metabolic and inflammatory responses, suggesting that sleep restriction produces physiological consequences that may be unhealthy.