Phosphorus flows and use efficiencies in production and consumption of wheat, rice, and maize in China
Phosphorus flows and use efficiencies in production and consumption of wheat, rice, and maize in China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.055
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发表时间：
2011-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Zhang, Fusuo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma, Wenqi;Ma, Lin;Zhang, Fusuo
在过去的几十年里，在农业中增加肥料磷（P）的施用极大地促进了作物产量的增加，但它也增加了粮食生产和消费中的P流。磷素利用效率与磷素流量之间的关系在全国范围内还没有很好的量化。本文利用NUFER模型对中国水稻、小麦和玉米生产中的磷素流动和磷素利用效率进行了研究。保护策略的磷利用和这些策略对磷利用效率的影响进行了评价。我国小麦、水稻和玉米的磷素输入总量分别为1095、1240和1128千兆克，其中约80%是化肥。小麦、水稻和玉米地磷的年累积量分别为29.4、13.6和21.3 kg ha（-1）。小麦、水稻和玉米等粮食产品中回收的磷分别仅占总磷输入量的12.5%、13.5%和3.8%，或肥料磷的3.2%、2.6%和0.9%。研究表明，通过改善养分管理，优化磷素流动，减少作物生产和利用过程中的磷素损失，是我国农业发展的重要课题。(C)2011爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Increasing fertilizer phosphorus (P) application in agriculture has greatly contributed to the increase of crop yields during the last decades in China but it has also increased P flows in food production and consumption. The relationship between P use efficiency and P flow is not well quantified at national level. In present paper we report on P flows and P use efficiencies in rice, wheat, and maize production in China using the NUFER model. Conservation strategies for P utilization and the impact of these strategies on P use efficiency have been evaluated. Total amounts of P input to wheat, rice, and maize fields were 1095, 1240, and 1128 Gg, respectively, in China, approximately 80% of which was in chemical fertilizers. The accumulation of P annually in the fields of wheat, rice, and maize was 29.4, 13.6, and 21.3 kg ha(-1), respectively. Phosphorus recovered in the food products of wheat, rice, and maize accounted for only 12.5%, 13.5%, and 3.8% of the total P input, or 3.2%, 2.6%, and 0.9% of the applied fertilizer P, respectively. The present study shows that optimizing phosphorus flows and decreasing phosphorus losses in crop production and utilization through improved nutrient management must be considered as an important issue in the development of agriculture in China. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.