Hydroxy Benzoate Preservatives (Parabens) in the Environment: Data for Environmental Toxicity Assessment
Hydroxy Benzoate Preservatives (Parabens) in the Environment: Data for Environmental Toxicity Assessment
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DOI：
10.1007/978-90-481-3509-7_14
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Roig, Benoit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bazin, Ingrid;Gadal, Aurelie;Roig, Benoit
对羟基苯甲酸酯是对羟基苯甲酸的烷基酯，可以在各种环境水域中遇到；而且关于这些化合物对水生生物的不利影响的可用信息很少。此外。关于它们的水平和潜在的环境长期影响目前尚不清楚。本文旨在提高人们对羟基苯甲酸酯的潜在危害的认识。四种微生物模型系统（费氏弧菌、光杆菌、大水蚤和嗜热四膜虫）已被用于这一目的。此外，利用重组酵母雌激素筛选试验（YES）研究了对羟基苯甲酸酯和雌激素化合物与对羟基苯甲酸酯的二元混合物的雌激素原性。根据欧盟EMEA环境风险评估指南对危险物质进行分类，并考虑到大水蚤获得的结果，甲基、乙基和正丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯应被归类为水生生物的有害物质，而正丁基和苄基对羟基苯甲酸酯应被归类为有毒物质。在生物活性方面，对羟基苯甲酸酯的雌激素含量比雌二醇低8000 -90万倍，其中雌激素含量最高的是芳香族化合物对羟基苯甲酸苄酯。在对羟基苯甲酸酯中加入雌激素化合物可观察到较高的雌激素效应。
Parabens are alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid that could be encountered in various environmental waters; and there is little available information about the adverse effects of these compounds on aquatic organisms. Moreover. concerning their levels and potential environmental long-term effects are currently missing.This paper aims at increasing, the knowledge on the potential hazard of parabens. Four microorganism model systems (Vibrio fischeri, Photobacterium leiognathi, Daphnia magna and Tetrahymena thermophila) have been used for this purpose. In addition, estrogenicity has been studied for parabens and binary mixtures of estrogenic compounds and parabens by using a recombinant yeast estrogen screen assay (YES). Following the EU EMEA Environmental Risk Assessment guideline for classification of dangerous substances and considering the results obtained with Daphnia magna, methyl, ethyl and n-propyl parabens should be classified as harmful substances for aquatic organisms, whereas n-butyl and benzyl parabens as toxic Substances. Concerning the biological activity, parabens are 8,000-900,000-fold less estrogenic than estradiol, the most estrogenic one being the aromatic compound benzylparaben. Hi-her estrogenic effect has been observed when estrogenic compounds have been added to parabens.