Association between NOx exposure and deaths caused by respiratory diseases in a medium-sized Brazilian city.
Association between NOx exposure and deaths caused by respiratory diseases in a medium-sized Brazilian city.
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DOI：
10.1590/1414-431x20154396
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发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nascimento LF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
César AC;Carvalho JA Jr;Nascimento LF
接触燃烧化石燃料排放的氮氧化物与呼吸系统疾病有关。我们的目的是估计NOx暴露对巴西圣保罗州陶巴特市所有年龄和性别的居民因呼吸道疾病死亡率的影响。这项从2011年8月1日至2012年7月31日的时间序列生态研究使用了从Taubaté卫生局获得的呼吸道疾病造成的死亡信息。污染物（氮氧化物、颗粒物、臭氧、一氧化碳）的每日估计水平是从克里思和气候研究中心的气溶胶和示踪剂耦合传输模型到巴西开发的区域大气模拟系统中获得的。这些环境变量被用来调整表观温度的多污染物模型。为了估计因哮喘住院与空气污染之间的关联，开发了广义加性泊松回归模型，滞后长达5天。有385例死亡，每日平均值（±SD）为1.05±1.03（范围：0-5）。暴露于氮氧化物与呼吸系统疾病的死亡率显著相关：相对危险度（RR）=1.035（95%置信区间[CI]：1.008-1.063），滞后2，RR=1.064（95%CI：1.017-1.112）滞后3，RR=1.055（95%CI：1.025-1.085）滞后4，RR=1.042（95%CI：1.010-1.076）滞后5。氮氧化物浓度降低3微克/立方米，导致呼吸道疾病导致的死亡风险降低10-18个百分点。即使氮氧化物浓度低于可接受标准，也与呼吸系统疾病造成的死亡有关。
Exposure to nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted by burning fossil fuels has been associated with respiratory diseases. We aimed to estimate the effects of NOx exposure on mortality owing to respiratory diseases in residents of Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil, of all ages and both sexes. This time-series ecological study from August 1, 2011 to July 31, 2012 used information on deaths caused by respiratory diseases obtained from the Health Department of Taubaté. Estimated daily levels of pollutants (NOx, particulate matter, ozone, carbon monoxide) were obtained from the Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. These environmental variables were used to adjust the multipollutant model for apparent temperature. To estimate association between hospitalizations owing to asthma and air pollutants, generalized additive Poisson regression models were developed, with lags as much as 5 days. There were 385 deaths with a daily mean (±SD) of 1.05±1.03 (range: 0-5). Exposure to NOx was significantly associated with mortality owing to respiratory diseases: relative risk (RR)=1.035 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.008-1.063) for lag 2, RR=1.064 (95%CI: 1.017-1.112) lag 3, RR=1.055 (95%CI: 1.025-1.085) lag 4, and RR=1.042 (95%CI: 1.010-1.076) lag 5. A 3 µg/m3 reduction in NOx concentration resulted in a decrease of 10-18 percentage points in risk of death caused by respiratory diseases. Even at NOx concentrations below the acceptable standard, there is association with deaths caused by respiratory diseases.