CHARACTERIZATION OF MALARIA TRANSMISSION BY ANOPHELES (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) IN WESTERN KENYA IN PREPARATION FOR MALARIA VACCINE TRIALS
CHARACTERIZATION OF MALARIA TRANSMISSION BY ANOPHELES (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) IN WESTERN KENYA IN PREPARATION FOR MALARIA VACCINE TRIALS
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DOI：
10.1093/jmedent/27.4.570
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发表时间：
1990-07-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
ROBERTS, CR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BEIER, JC;PERKINS, PV;ROBERTS, CR
在肯尼亚西部Kisian和Saradidi的那些村庄研究了33个月的疟疾传播，为疟疾疫苗的田间试验做准备。冈比亚按蚊Giles sensu lato和Anopheles funestus Giles，占收集的26，645只按蚊的99%以上，对房屋内，户外和帐篷内的通宵叮咬收集进行了比较。基西安每人夜的按蚊总数是萨拉迪的2.3倍。对于这三种类型的标本集，基西安13，072只按蚊的解剖平均子孢子率为2.2%至5.4%，萨拉迪7，058只按蚊的解剖平均子孢子率为9.9%至13.6%; >90%的感染是恶性疟原虫，单独感染或与三日疟原虫或卵圆疟原虫混合感染。4月至7月传播最严重的时候正值漫长的雨季结束。昆虫接种率（EIR）在Kisian和Saradidi的房屋内平均每人每晚0.82次感染性叮咬。在户外，基西安的EIR平均为0.09，萨拉迪迪为0.52。在帐篷中，评估以确定在疫苗效力试验期间暴露非土著志愿者的方法，Kisian（EIR = 0.25）和Saradidi（EIR = 0.26）的EIR分别比房屋内低3.3和2.5倍。帐篷中的暴露平均每4.0天在Kisian和每3.8天在Saradidi一个感染叮咬。在疫苗效力试验中使用帐篷应该为非土著志愿者提供足够的接触。在肯尼亚西部可以有效地进行疟疾疫苗试验，时间取决于疫苗试验目标所要求的传播强度。
Malaria transmission was studied for 33 mo in the villages of Kisian and Saradidi in western Kenya in preparation for field trials of malaria vaccines. Abundance estimates of Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu lato and Anopheles funestus Giles, which constituted over 99% of 26,645 anophelines collected, were compared for all-night biting collections inside houses, outdoors, and in tents. The overall numbers of Anopheles per man-night were 2.3 times greater in Kisian than in Saradidi. For the three types of collections, mean sporozoite rates by dissection ranged from 2.2 to 5.4% for 13,072 Anopheles in Kisian and from 9.9 to 13.6% for 7,058 Anopheles in Saradidi; >90% of the infections were Plasmodium falciparum, either alone or mixed with P. malariae or P. ovale. Heaviest transmission from April to July coincided with the end of the long rainy season. Entomological inoculation rates (EIR) averaged 0.82 infective bites per man per night inside houses in Kisian and 0.65 in Saradidi. Outdoors, EIRs averaged 0.09 in Kisian and 0.52 in Saradidi. In tents, which were evaluated to identify methods for exposing nonindigenous volunteers during vaccine efficacy trials, EIRs were 3.3 and 2.5 times less than inside houses for Kisian (EIR = 0.25) and Saradidi (EIR = 0.26), respectively. Exposure in tents averaged one infective bite every 4.0 d in Kisian and every 3.8 d in Saradidi. The use of tents in vaccine efficacy trials should provide adequate exposure for nonindigenous volunteers. Malaria vaccine trials could be conducted efficiently in western Kenya, with timing dependent upon the intensity of transmission required by vaccine trial objectives.