Buffalo Hunt: International Trade and the Virtual Extinction of the North American Bison
Buffalo Hunt: International Trade and the Virtual Extinction of the North American Bison
复制标题
水牛狩猎：国际贸易和北美野牛的虚拟灭绝
DOI：
10.1257/aer.101.7.3162
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. S. Taylor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. S. Taylor
在16世纪，北美拥有2500万到3000万头布法罗;到19世纪末，剩下的不到100头。虽然迁移密西西比河以东的布法罗花了100多年的时间，但大平原上剩下的1000万到1500万头布法罗在10年多一点的时间里被断断续续的屠杀所杀害。我运用理论、国际贸易统计数据和第一人称叙述来论证平原上的屠杀是由外国制造的创新发起的，并受到外国对工业皮革需求的推动。具有讽刺意味的是，美国环境史上这一悲惨篇章的最终原因是欧洲人，而不是美国人。
In the 16th century, North America contained 25-30 million buffalo; by the late 19th century less than 100 remained. While removing the buffalo east of the Mississippi took settlers over 100 years, the remaining 10 to 15 million buffalo on the Great Plains were killed in a punctuated slaughter in a little more than 10 years. I employ theory, data from international trade statistics, and first person accounts to argue that the slaughter on the plains was initiated by a foreign-made innovation and fueled by a foreign demand for industrial leather. Ironically, the ultimate cause of this sad chapter in American environmental history was of European, and not American, origin.