Gene expression during mammalian meiosis.
Gene expression during mammalian meiosis.
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发表时间：
1998
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通讯作者：
E. M. Eddy;D. A. O’Brien
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作者：
E. M. Eddy;D. A. O’Brien
在哺乳动物减数分裂过程中，多种基因的表达受到发育调节。这篇综述主要借鉴精子发生方面的研究，表明其中一些基因只在生殖细胞中转录，而另一些基因也在体细胞中转录。一些仅在生精细胞中表达的基因与在体细胞中表达的基因不同，而另一些基因与在体细胞中表达的基因同源，属于同一基因家族。一些发育受调控的基因也在体细胞中表达，产生生精细胞特有的转录本，而另一些基因则产生在体细胞和生殖细胞中明显相同的转录本。为什么如此多的基因在减数分裂过程中具有非典型的表达模式，可能的答案是：(1)所有类型的细胞都表达定义其细胞类型和谱系的某些基因，(2)精子发生是根据指导特定基因的顺序和协调表达的遗传程序进行的发育过程，(3)一些基因表达编码减数分裂所需的蛋白质，(4)一些基因表达编码直到减数分裂后才需要的蛋白质，(5)一些基因的表达是为了补偿因X染色体凝聚而失活的其他基因。以及(6)有人认为，由于DNA组织的变化，在精子发生过程中对基因表达的调控变得漏洞百出，导致了无关转录本的产生。然而，在哺乳动物减数分裂过程中，来自内分泌系统和周围体细胞的外在信号如何与生殖细胞的内在机制相互作用以激活调控转录的信号转导过程，在很大程度上是未知的。
The expression of a wide variety of genes is developmentally regulated during mammalian meiosis. Drawing mainly on studies in spermatogenesis, this review shows that some of these genes are transcribed exclusively in germ cells, while others are also transcribed in somatic cells. Some of the genes expressed exclusively in spermatogenic cells are unlike any expressed in somatic cells, while others are isologous to genes expressed in somatic cells and are in the same gene family. Some of the developmentally regulated genes also expressed in somatic cells produce spermatogenic cell-specific transcripts, while others produce transcripts that are apparently the same in somatic and germ cells. Possible answers to why so many genes have atypical patterns of expression during meiosis are that: (1) all cell types express certain genes that define their cell type and lineage, (2) spermatogenesis is a developmental process that progresses according to a genetic program directing the sequential and coordinate expression of specific genes, (3) some genes are expressed that encode proteins required for meiosis, (4) some genes are expressed that encode proteins not required until after meiosis, (5) some genes are expressed to compensate for other genes that become inactivated with X chromosome condensation, and (6) it has been suggested that regulation of gene expression becomes leaky during spermatogenesis due to changes in DNA organization, leading to production of irrelevant transcripts. However, it is largely unknown how extrinsic cues from the endocrine system and surrounding somatic cells interact with intrinsic mechanisms of germ cells to activate signal transduction processes regulating transcription during mammalian meiosis.