Introduction: the ‘Second World's’ architecture and planning in the ‘Third World’
Introduction: the ‘Second World's’ architecture and planning in the ‘Third World’
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DOI：
10.1080/13602365.2012.692597
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发表时间：
2012-06
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通讯作者：
Łukasz Stanek
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作者：
Łukasz Stanek
© 2012建筑杂志1360-2365 http：//dx. doi。org/10.1080/13602365.2012。692597这些国家的工作在中东，非洲和亚洲在20世纪70年代和80年代。第四，文章讨论了建筑在冷战背景下的作用，通过补充对两个系统的自我展示的关注--以东西方柏林和国际展览为最受欢迎的例子4--重点关注建筑在现代化的替代方案中的表现，福利的分配，国家身份的定义，以及关于城市化进程的生产知识。最后，本书中的许多论文并没有在自己的论述中庆祝冷战的结束--也就是说，这是“自由世界”战胜了黑暗的“他者”--而是对社会主义激发的现代化进程进行了更细致入微的评估，并指出了20世纪后半叶出现的专家文化如何继续影响“全球南方”当前的城市化进程及其材料，竞争与合作本书所介绍的案例研究背后的矛盾是，虽然“第三世界”的概念在20世纪50年代初被引入，以指定非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲的国家，这些国家可能不属于东西方竞争的一部分，但这些国家很快就成为“全球冷战”的重要角色。5军事、经济和技术现代化是这场对抗的基本手段，“第一世界”，美国和西欧，“第二世界”，苏联和其他社会主义国家，将大量资源分配给
© 2012 The Journal of Architecture 1360-2365 http://dx. doi. org/10.1080/13602365.2012. 692597 these countries working in the Middle East, Africa and Asia in the 1970s and 1980s. Fourth, the essays discuss the roles of architecture in a Cold War context by complementing the attention paid to the self-presentation of the two systems—with East and West Berlin and international exhibitions as favourite examples4—with the focus on architecture’s performance in alternative scenarios of modernisation, the distribution of welfare, the definition of national identity, and production knowledge about processes of urbanisation. Finally, rather than celebrating the end of the Cold War in its own discourse—that is to say as the victory of the ‘free world’over its dark ‘other’—many papers in this volume introduce a more nuanced assessment of socialist-inspired modernisation processes and signal how the expert culture emerging in the second half of the twentieth century continues to influence current processes of urbanisation in the ‘Global South’and their material, representational and institutional conditions.Competition and collaboration The paradox underlying the case studies presented in this volume is that while the concept of the ‘Third World’was introduced in the early 1950s in order to designate countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America which presumably were not part of the East-West competition, these countries very soon became important actors in the ‘Global Cold War’. 5 Military, economic and technological modernisation were essential means in this confrontation, with the ‘First World’, the United States and Western Europe, and the ‘Second World’, the Soviet Union and other socialist countries, allocating significant resources in