Screening of human antibiotic substances and determination of weekly mass flows in five sewage treatment plants in Sweden
Screening of human antibiotic substances and determination of weekly mass flows in five sewage treatment plants in Sweden
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DOI：
10.1021/es048143z
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发表时间：
2005-05-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Andersson, BAV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lindberg, RH;Wennberg, P;Andersson, BAV
12种人用抗生素物质，包括甲氧苄氨嘧啶和氟喹诺酮（FQ）、磺胺（SA）、青霉素（PE）、头孢菌素（CE）、硝基咪唑类（NI）、四环素（TC）和大环内酯类（MA）的代表，于2002年和2003年分别在瑞典5家污水处理厂（stp）进行了为期一周和一周的筛选研究。通过固相萃取（SPE）或液固萃取（视情况而定）从原始污水、最终废水和污泥中提取分析物，然后通过液相色谱/串联质谱法进行鉴定和定量。本研究考虑的基质中最常检测到的抗生素是诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、甲氧苄啶、磺胺甲恶唑和多西环素。其他分析物仅在少数样品中检测到。通过每个STP的每周质量流量分析表明，在污水处理过程中，FIGS部分从水中消除，并且在污泥中发现这些物质的最高含量。磺胺甲恶唑和甲氧苄啶主要存在于污水原水和最终出水中，但这些物质具有平衡的质量流量，表明它们也可以经受污水处理。强力霉素的质量流动模式更为复杂，在某些情况下，污泥中出现了大量的强力霉素，这表明这种分析物的行为可能更强烈地受到个别处理厂处理过程和其他变量的影响。与基于消费数据（括号内）的理论预测相比，将环境负荷（最终流出物和污泥中的量的总和）归一化到每个调查STP的集水区的居民数量，显示出良好的相关性：诺氟沙星，0.8 (0.9)；氧氟沙星0.3 (0.2)；环丙沙星，1.3 (3.5)；磺胺甲恶唑0.2 (0.4)；甲氧苄啶，1.1 (1.0)；多西环素，每人每周0.7（0.4）毫克。结果表明，这些抗生素的环境负荷可以从消费数据中得到合理准确的预测，而无需额外的测量。
Twelve antibiotic substances for human use, including trimethoprim and representatives of the fluoroquinolone (FQ), sulfonamide (SA), penicillin (PE), cephalosporin (CE), nitroimidazole (NI), tetracycline (TC), and macrolide (MA) groups, were subjected to a screening study at five Swedish sewage treatment plants (STPs) during one week in 2002 and one week in 2003. The analytes were extracted from raw sewage water, final effluent, and sludge by solid-phase extraction (SPE) or liquid-solid extraction (as appropriate) and then identified and quantified by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The most frequently detected antibiotics in the matrices considered in this study were norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and doxycycline. The other analytes were only detected in a few samples. Analysis of the weekly mass flows through each STP showed that FIGS were partly eliminated from the water during sewage water treatment and the highest amounts of these substances were found in sludge. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were mainly found in raw sewage water and final effluent, but these substances had balancing mass flows, indicating that they too can withstand sewage water treatment. The mass flow patterns for doxycycline were more complex, with high amounts occurring in sludge in some cases, suggesting that the behavior of this analyte may be more strongly influenced by the treatment process and other variables at individual STPs. The environmental load (the sum of the amounts in the final effluent and sludge) normalized to the number of inhabitants in the catchment area of each investigated STP compared with theoretical predictions based on consumption data (in parentheses) showed good correlations: norfloxacin, 0.8 (0.9); ofloxacin, 0.3 (0.2); ciprofloxacin, 1.3 (3.5); sulfamethoxazole, 0.2 (0.4); trimethoprim, 1.1 (1.0); and doxycycline, 0.7 (0.4) mg per person per week. The results show that reasonably accurate predictions of environmental load of these antibiotics can be time-effectively derived from consumption data without additional measurements.