Profiles of parabens and their metabolites in paired maternal-fetal serum, urine and amniotic fluid and their implications for placental transfer.
Profiles of parabens and their metabolites in paired maternal-fetal serum, urine and amniotic fluid and their implications for placental transfer.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110235
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发表时间：
2020-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Shi-ming Song;Yuan He;Tao Zhang;Hongkai Zhu;Xiong-fei Huang;Xue-yuan Bai;Bo Zhang;K. Kannan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shi-ming Song;Yuan He;Tao Zhang;Hongkai Zhu;Xiong-fei Huang;Xue-yuan Bai;Bo Zhang;K. Kannan
对95例孕妇配对血清(MS)和脐带血清(CS)中的6种对羟基苯甲酸酯及其4种代谢物进行了测定，以阐明这类化合物在胎盘中的转运。对95名孕妇中的13名孕妇的配对母尿(MU)和羊水(AF)也进行了分析，以检查这些化学物质在母体和胎儿组织中的分配。甲基(MEP)、乙基(ETP)和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯(PrP)的胎盘转移率(PTRS)分别为0.81、0.63和0.60。此外，OH-MEP(0.93)和OH-ETP(1.8)的PTR高于其相应的亲本对羟基苯甲酸酯，这表明羟基化提高了对羟基苯甲酸酯的胎盘转移率。观察到了结构依赖的胎盘转移机制。MEP、ETP、PrP和对羟基苯甲酸(4-HB)的分子量(或logKow)与PTRS呈显著负相关，提示被动扩散是这些化学物质在胎盘转移的一种机制。然而，其他羟化代谢产物(OH-ETP、OH-MEP和3，4-二羟基苯甲酸(3，4-DHB))的相对分子质量(或logKow)与PTRS呈正相关，这表明胎盘转运是由这些代谢产物的蛋白质结合介导的。MEP(MU/MSMeP)和PrP(MU/MSPrP)的MU/MS浓度比(MU/MSMeP)和PrP(MU/MSPrP)分别为71和81，且MU/MSMeP比代谢产物(MU/MSOH-MEP：0.35)高两个数量级，表明羟化代谢产物减少了对羟基苯甲酸酯的尿排出。据我们所知，这是在中国首次报道对羟基苯甲酸酯及其代谢物在配对的母儿血清、尿液和房颤样本中的出现和分布。我们的研究结果为对羟基苯甲酸酯及其代谢物的胎盘转运提供了新的信息。
Six parabens and their four metabolites were measured in paired maternal serum (MS) and cord serum (CS) samples collected from 95 pregnant women to elucidate placental transfer of this class of compounds. Matched maternal urine (MU) and amniotic fluid (AF) collected from 13 of 95 pregnant women were also analyzed to examine partition of these chemicals between maternal and fetal tissues. The placental transfer rates (PTRs; concentration ratio of parabens between CS and MS) of methyl- (MeP), ethyl- (EtP), propyl-parabens (PrP) were 0.81, 0.63, and 0.60, respectively. Furthermore, the PTRs of OH–MeP (0.93) and OH–EtP (1.8) were higher than those of their corresponding parent parabens, which suggested that hydroxylation increased placental transfer rates of parabens. Structure-dependent placental transfer mechanisms were observed. A significant negative correlation between molecular weights (or logKow) of MeP, EtP, PrP, andp-hydroxy benzoic acid (4-HB) and PTRs suggested passive diffusion as a mechanism of placental transfer of these chemicals. Nevertheless, other hydroxylated metabolites (OH–EtP, OH–MeP, and 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid (3,4-DHB)) showed a positive correlation between molecular weight (or logKow) and PTRs, which suggested that the placental transfer is mediated by protein binding of these metabolites. The MU to MS concentration ratios of MeP (MU/MSMeP) and PrP (MU/MSPrP) were 71 and 81, respectively, and MU/MSMePwas two orders of magnitude higher than that found for the metabolite (MU/MSOH-MeP: 0.35), suggesting that hydroxylation metabolite reduced urinary elimination of parabens. To our knowledge, this is the first time to report the occurrence and distribution of parabens and their metabolites in paired maternal-fetal serum, urine, and AF samples in China. Our results provide novel information on placental transfer of parabens and their metabolites.