Metastin/kisspeptin and control of estrous cycle in rats
Metastin/kisspeptin and control of estrous cycle in rats
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DOI：
10.1007/s11154-007-9032-6
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Tsukamura, Hiroko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maeda, Kei-Ichiro;Adachi, Sachika;Tsukamura, Hiroko
动情周期是由一系列神经内分泌事件控制的，包括下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的激活。促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）的两种模式已被确立用于调节发情周期：一种是紧张或脉冲分泌模式，负责刺激卵泡发育和类固醇生成;另一种是激增模式，仅负责诱导促黄体生成激素（LH）激增，最终导致排卵。Metastin/kisspeptin-GPR 54信号通路通过调节GnRH释放的两种模式来控制卵巢周期。位于前腹侧室周核（AVPV）的metastin/kisspeptin神经元群被认为触发GnRH峰，从而介导雌激素对GnRH释放的正反馈作用。下丘脑的另一个metastin/kisspeptin神经元群位于弓状核（ARC），可能参与产生GnRH脉冲和介导雌激素对GnRH释放的负反馈作用。GnRH神经元表达GPR 54（一种metastin/kisspeptin受体）的mRNA，并在细胞体和终末水平与metastin/kisspeptin神经元密切相关，但该肽调节GnRH释放的两种模式的确切机制尚待确定。因此，Metastin/kisspeptin是一种关键的下丘脑神经肽，它位于GnRH神经元的上游，并将外周类固醇信息传递给GnRH神经元，以控制发情周期。
Estrous cyclicity is controlled by a cascade of neuroendocrine events, involving the activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. Two modes of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are well established to regulate the estrous cycle: one is a tonic or pulse mode of secretion which is responsible for the stimulation of follicular development and steroidogenesis; the other is a surge mode, which is solely responsible for the induction of luteinizing hormone (LH) surges, eventually leading to ovulation. Metastin/kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling has been suggested to control ovarian cyclicity through regulating the two modes of GnRH release. A population of metastin/kisspeptin neurons located in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) is considered to trigger GnRH surge and thus to mediate the estrogen positive feedback action on GnRH release. The other hypothalamic population of metastin/kisspeptin neurons is located in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and could be involved in generating GnRH pulses and mediating negative feedback action of estrogen on GnRH release. GnRH neurons express mRNA for GPR54, a metastin/kisspeptin receptor, and have a close association with metastin/kisspeptin neurons at the cell body and terminal level, but the precise mechanism by which this peptide regulates the two modes of GnRH release needs to be determined. Metastin/kisspeptin, therefore, is a key hypothalamic neuropeptide, which is placed immediately upstream of GnRH neurons and relays the peripheral steroidal information to GnRH neurons to control estrous cyclicity.