Complex deep seismic anisotropy below the Scandinavian Mountains

Complex deep seismic anisotropy below the Scandinavian Mountains
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斯堪的纳维亚山脉下方复杂的深层地震各向异性

DOI:
10.1007/s10950-012-9325-4
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
1.6
通讯作者:
J.R.R.
J.R.R.
中科院分区:
地球科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ritter;J.R.R.

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几个地震项目集中在挪威和邻国瑞典的斯堪的纳维亚山脉的深层结构上。我们利用这些记录通过分析SKS和SKKS相的双折射来研究地震各向异性。如果这些相位在各向异性介质中传播,它们本应径向极化,但却分裂成一个额外的横向分量。我们的结果是directionsΦof明显的快速剪切波极化和分裂相位之间的延迟时间δt。对于挪威南部的KONO站,我们发现frequency-dependentΦand δ值,表明深度相关的各向异性。此外,Φand δ值随震中后方位角的变化而变化,表明挪威地壳和上地幔具有复杂的各向异性结构。SKS/SKKS波形的叠加提高了单站线的信噪比,使我们能够更好地确定分裂参数。由于观测的后方位角范围有限,无法得到复杂各向异性的唯一完整模型。近地表构造与分裂模式相关,地壳是该区的一个各向异性层。地表岩石结构的部分优选方向可以相互关联withΦ。在一个或多个各向异性层下面必须存在,以解释与反方位角和频率相关的观测,以及不能单独用地壳各向异性解释的长δ值(bbb20 s)。分裂结果的空间分布表明,不同的构造单元,如斯韦科芬期、斯韦科芬期中北部和加里东期推覆体,各自具有特定的各向异性特征。
Several seismological projects focused on the deep structure of the Scandinavian Mountains, in Norway and neighbouring Sweden. We use these recordings to study seismic anisotropy by analysing the birefringence of SKS and SKKS phases. These phases, which should be polarised radially, are split into an additional transverse component if they propagate through an anisotropic medium. Our results are directionsΦof the apparent fast shear wave polarisation and delay times δtbetween the split phases. For station KONO in Southern Norway, we find frequency-dependentΦand δtvalues, indicating a depth-dependent anisotropy. Additionally,Φand δtvalues vary with epicentre backazimuths in Norway, indicating a complex anisotropic structure in the crust and upper mantle. Stacking of the SKS/SKKS waveforms improves the signal-to-noise ratio along one station line and allows us to better determine the splitting parameters. A unique and complete model of the complex anisotropy cannot be obtained due to the limited observed backazimuth range. Near-surface tectonic structures correlate with the splitting pattern and thus the crust is one anisotropic layer in the region. Partly preferred orientations in the rock fabric at the surface can be correlated withΦ. Below one or more anisotropic layers must exist to explain the backazimuth- and frequency-dependent observations, as well as the long δtvalues (>2 s) which cannot be explained with crustal anisotropy alone. The spatial distribution of the splitting results indicates that different tectonics units, e.g. the Sveconorwegian, the Central and Northern Svecofennian and the Caledonian nappes, are each characterised by specific anisotropic signatures.
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