Blood and urinary bisphenol A concentrations in children, adults, and pregnant women from china: partitioning between blood and urine and maternal and fetal cord blood.
Blood and urinary bisphenol A concentrations in children, adults, and pregnant women from china: partitioning between blood and urine and maternal and fetal cord blood.
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DOI：
10.1021/es303808b
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发表时间：
2013-04
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Tao Zhang;Hongwen Sun;K. Kannan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tao Zhang;Hongwen Sun;K. Kannan
关于中国儿童、成人和孕妇接触双酚A（BPA）的信息有限。在本研究中，我们测定了从10名儿童（1-5岁）、40名妇女（30名孕妇和10名非孕妇）和30名胎儿（即，脐带血）。此外，为了评价尿和血BPA浓度之间的关系，从成人人群中采集了成对的血液和尿液样本（n = 50对）。在所有分析的血液样本中，46%发现了BPA，几何平均（GM）浓度为0.19 ng/mL。在84%的成人尿样中发现BPA，GM浓度为1.01 ng/mL [0.48 μg/g肌酐（Cr）]。性别和年龄不是血液BPA浓度的良好预测因素。然而，我们确实发现，女性肌酐校正的尿BPA浓度显著高于男性（p < 0.05），儿童血液BPA浓度显著高于成人（p < 0.05）。在所有成年人中，未经调整的尿BPA浓度（即，当从分析中排除离群值（8.70 ng/mL）时，基于体积的）与年龄呈负相关（r =-0.312，p < 0.05）。尿液（肌酐校正）和血液中的BPA浓度显著相关（r = 0.571，p < 0.01），尿液中测得的浓度比血液中的浓度高约一个数量级。血与尿中BPA浓度比值的平均值和GM值分别为0.109和0.057。新生儿脐带血与母血中BPA平均浓度的比值为0.108。根据尿BPA水平，我们估计了中国成年人的BPA每日总摄入量（EDI）。中国成年男性和女性BPA的平均（范围）EDIs分别为0.041（<0.005-0.224）和0.048（<0.005-0.151）ug/kg bw/day。在分娩前立即接受静脉给药的孕妇血液中的BPA浓度明显高于那些没有接受静脉给药的孕妇。这是第一项记录中国孕妇和胎儿BPA发生率和人类暴露的研究。
Limited information exists on exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) by children, adults, and pregnant women in China. In the present study, we determined BPA concentrations in whole blood collected from 10 children (1-5 years), 40 women (30 pregnant and 10 nonpregnant), and 30 fetuses (i.e., cord blood). Further, to evaluate the relationship between urinary and blood BPA concentrations, paired specimens of blood and urine (n = 50 pairs) were collected from an adult population. BPA was found in 46% of all blood samples analyzed, with a geometric mean (GM) concentration of 0.19 ng/mL. BPA was found in 84% of urine samples from adults, with a GM concentration of 1.01 ng/mL [0.48 μg/g creatinine (Cr)]. Gender and age were not good predictors of blood BPA concentrations. However, we did find that the creatinine-adjusted urinary BPA concentrations in females were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the concentrations found in males and that the blood BPA concentrations in children were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the concentrations found in adults. Among all adults, unadjusted urinary BPA concentrations (i.e., volume-based) were inversely (r = -0.312, p < 0.05) correlated with age when an outlier value (8.70 ng/mL) was excluded from analysis. Concentrations of BPA in urine (creatinine-adjusted) and blood were significantly correlated (r = 0.571, p < 0.01), with concentrations measured in urine approximately an order of magnitude higher than the concentrations found in blood. The mean and GM values for ratios of concentration of BPA between blood and urine were 0.109 and 0.057, respectively. The ratio of mean concentrations of BPA between cord blood and maternal blood was 0.108. On the basis of urinary BPA levels, we estimated the total daily intake (EDI) of BPA by Chinese adults. The mean (range) EDIs of BPA by adult males and females in China were 0.041 (<0.005-0.224) and 0.048 (<0.005-0.151) ug/kg bw/day, respectively. The pregnant women who underwent intravenous drug administration immediately before delivery had significantly higher concentrations of BPA in their blood than did those who did not receive intravenous drug administration. This is the first study to document the occurrence of and human exposure to BPA by pregnant women and fetuses from China.