Air‐sea fluxes for Hurricane Patricia (2015): Comparison with supertyphoon Haiyan (2013) and under different ENSO conditions
Air‐sea fluxes for Hurricane Patricia (2015): Comparison with supertyphoon Haiyan (2013) and under different ENSO conditions
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DOI：
10.1002/2017jc012741
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发表时间：
2017-08
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hsiao-Ching Huang;J. Boucharel;I. Lin;F. Jin;Chun-Chi Lien;I. Pun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hsiao-Ching Huang;J. Boucharel;I. Lin;F. Jin;Chun-Chi Lien;I. Pun
帕特里夏飓风于 2015 年 10 月 20 日在东太平洋形成，并在不到 3 天的时间里从热带风暴迅速增强为破纪录的飓风，最大持续风速约为 185 节。它比 2013 年的超强台风海燕（此前观测到的最强热带气旋 (TC)）快了近 15 节。本研究重点分析导致飓风“帕特里夏”迅速增强的海气焓通量条件，并将其与超强台风“海燕”进行比较。尽管冷却效果更强，但在帕特里夏期间发现了更高的焓通量供应，特别是由于热带气旋前海面温度条件较温暖。这导致海气界面处的温度和湿度差异更大，从而为帕特里夏的生长提供了更大的海气热通量（比海燕多了 24%）。此外，还对不同气候条件下的帕特里夏飓风进行了海气通量模拟，以具体评估局部和大范围条件对与厄尔尼诺南方涛动（ENSO）六个不同阶段和类型以及长期气候夏季条件相关的风暴强度的影响。我们发现东太平洋厄尔尼诺夏季发展和衰减以及中太平洋厄尔尼诺夏季发展是最有利于风暴加强的三个ENSO条件。这仍然表明通量供应比 2015 年 10 月减少了 37%，这表明帕特里夏的异常增长并不是在任何这些典型的 ENSO 条件下都能实现的，而是与有史以来最强烈的厄尔尼诺现象相关的特殊环境条件的结果。
Hurricane Patricia formed on October 20th, 2015 in the Eastern Pacific and, in less than 3 days, rapidly intensified from a Tropical Storm to a record-breaking hurricane with maximum sustained winds measured around 185 knots. It is almost 15 knots higher than 2013's supertyphoon Haiyan (the previous strongest tropical cyclone (TC) ever observed). This research focuses on analyzing the air-sea enthalpy flux conditions that contributed to hurricane Patricia's rapid intensification, and comparing them to supertyphoon Haiyan's. Despite a stronger cooling effect, a higher enthalpy flux supply is found during Patricia, in particular due to warmer pre-TC sea surface temperature conditions. This resulted in larger temperature and humidity differences at the air-sea interface, contributing to larger air-sea enthalpy heat fluxes available for Patricia's growth (24% more than for Haiyan). In addition, air-sea fluxes simulations were performed for hurricane Patricia under different climate conditions to assess specifically the impact of local and large-scale conditions on storm intensification associated with six different phases and types of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and long-term climatological summer condition. We found that the Eastern Pacific El Nino developing and decaying summers, and the Central Pacific El Nino developing summer are the three most favorable ENSO conditions for storm intensification. This still represents a 37% smaller flux supply than in October 2015, suggesting that Patricia extraordinary growth is not achievable under any of these typical ENSO conditions but rather the result of the exceptional environmental conditions associated with the build-up of the strongest El Nino ever recorded.