Distinct viral Populations differentiate and evolve independently in a single perennial host plant
Distinct viral Populations differentiate and evolve independently in a single perennial host plant
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DOI：
10.1128/jvi.80.5.2349-2357.2006
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发表时间：
2006-03-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Blanc, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jridi, C;Martin, JF;Blanc, S
病毒种群的复杂结构已经成为细菌、动物和植物十多年来深入研究的对象。虽然很明显，巨大的遗传多样性是在病毒复制过程中迅速产生的，但这种多样性在单一宿主中的分布在这一科学领域仍然是一个模糊的领域。在动物病毒中，只有人类免疫缺陷病毒和丙型肝炎病毒群体最近在宿主内水平上进行了彻底的研究，其中它们被结构化为集合群体，这表明宿主不能简单地被认为是包含突变病毒基因组的同质或非结构化群体的“袋子”。在植物中，一些报告表明病毒变异体在宿主体内不同位置可能存在异质性分布，但没有提供这种异质性是如何构成的线索。在这里，我们报告的病毒种群的结构和进化的最详尽的研究报告在宿主内水平通过分析李痘病毒感染超过13年后，一个单一的接种事件，并通过使用分子方差分析在不同的层次结构水平结合巢式分支分析。我们证明，在系统性入侵宿主后，病毒种群分化成几个不同的种群，这些种群在不同的分支中被隔离，在那里它们通过连续的范围扩张独立进化，同时殖民新形成的器官。此外，我们提出并讨论的证据表明，树窝藏一个巨大的“银行”的病毒克隆，每一个隔离在无数的叶子之一。
The complex structure of virus populations has been the object of intensive study in bacteria, animals, and plants for over a decade. While it is clear that tremendous genetic diversity is rapidly generated during viral replication, the distribution of this diversity within a single host remains an obscure area in this field of science. Among animal viruses, only Human immunodeficiency virus and Hepatitis C virus populations have recently been thoroughly investigated at an intrahost level, where they are structured as metapopulations, demonstrating that the host cannot be considered simply as a "bag" containing a homogeneous or unstructured swarm of mutant viral genomes. In plants, a few reports suggested a possible heterogeneous distribution of virus variants at different locations within the host but provided no clues as to how this heterogeneity is structured. Here, we report the most exhaustive study of the structure and evolution of a virus population ever reported at the intrahost level through the analysis of a Prunus tree infected by Plum pox virus for over 13 years following a single inoculation event and by using analysis of molecular variance at different hierarchical levels combined with nested clade analysis. We demonstrate that, following systemic invasion of the host, the virus population differentiates into several distinct populations that are isolated in different branches, where they evolve independently through contiguous range expansion while colonizing newly formed organs. Moreover, we present and discuss evidence that the tree harbors a huge "bank" of viral clones, each isolated in one of the myriad leaves.