The Effect of the American Export Invasion on the British Boot and Shoe Industry 1885–1914
The Effect of the American Export Invasion on the British Boot and Shoe Industry 1885–1914
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1885-1914 年美国出口入侵对英国靴子和制鞋业的影响
DOI：
10.1017/s002205070006931x
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发表时间：
1968
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Church
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Church
最近的文章引起了人们对十九世纪末二十世纪初美国出口“入侵”的普遍意义的关注。诺瓦克和西蒙主要关注入侵的根源和美国商人的态度，以及其他人对入侵的态度。在其他地方，索尔考虑了美国竞争加剧对英国工业的影响，强调有必要重新审视工业转型过程，特别是在第一次世界大战前的二十年期间。在后一种联系中，英国靴子和制鞋业发生的根本性变化，无论是在速度还是程度上，都使其这一时期的历史成为一个特别有价值的案例研究，最终以“英国靴子的胜利”（《经济学人》上的一篇文章的标题）告终。 1913年。尽管工业界成功应对的事实众所周知，但转型发生的环境以及共同产生工业有效反击的各种因素却很少受到关注。本文试图弥补这些缺陷，解释为什么该行业反应如此成功，特别是考察美国制鞋机械制造商在这一过程中的作用，因为在控制方面，他们实际上垄断了英国靴子和制鞋机械的供应。
Recent articles have drawn attention to the general significance of the American export “invasion” in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Novack and Simon have concentrated on the origins of the invasion and on the attitudes of American businessmen, and to a lesser extent of others, to it. Elsewhere, Saul has considered the impact of intensified American competition upon British industry, underlining the need to reexamine the process of industrial transformation particularly during the two decades pre-ceding World War I. In the latter connection, the fundamental changes that occurred in the British boot and shoe industry, both in terms of rapidity and extent, make a case study of its history during this period especially rewarding, culminating, as it did, in a “Victory for British Boots”—the title of an article in The Economist in 1913. While the fact of successful response on the part of the industry is well known, the circumstances under which the trans-formation took place and the various elements which together produced the effective industrial counterattack have received less attention. In this article an attempt is made to remedy these deficiencies, to explain why the industry responded so successfully, and in particular to examine the role of American shoe machinery makers in this process, for in terms of control they virtually monopolized the supply of boot and shoe machinery in Britain toward the end of our period.