DEVELOPMENT POLICY OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN GERMANY: LESSONS FOR UKRAINE
DEVELOPMENT POLICY OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN GERMANY: LESSONS FOR UKRAINE
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德国制药业的发展政策：乌克兰的经验教训
DOI：
10.15407/economyukr.2020.10.063
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Honcharenko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O. Salikhova;D. Honcharenko
展示了德国化学和制药工业从技术借鉴到内生创新并成为全球领导者的发展演变。有证据表明，该国政府通过增加科学和工业人员培训预算拨款、研究补贴、运输和原材料补贴，促进了新工业的发展。它表明，大公司的形成提供了规模经济和加速发展。在政府的支持下成立了专门的研究机构，启动了研究资金的公私伙伴关系，行业协会帮助动员公众支持该行业，有能力的公司经理和行业代表与杰出的政治家一起采取协调一致的行动，以加强其创新潜力。培养购买德国商品是国家福利关键的国民意识，决定了消费者的偏好，成为扩大对国内市场供给的有力刺激。对成品药征收高额关税为处于起步阶段的新产业提供了保护。银行与制药公司的密切合作促进了投资和创新项目的实施以及对外扩张。化学和制药公司建立卡特尔是对德国前所未有的工业化和追赶现象的一种制度性反应。据透露，在现阶段，德国政府通过国家和地区计划继续促进制药技术和创新潜力的发展。证明了在乌克兰引入药品和医疗器械生产发展内生化机制的便利性，以及通过在保护国家安全和健康的基本利益的背景下引入公共采购优惠来扩大国内市场的销售。
The evolution of the development of the German chemical and pharmaceutical industry from technology borrowing to endogenous innovations and becoming a global leader is shown. It is substantiated that the government of the country promoted the development of a new industry by increasing budget allocations for the training of scientific and industrial personnel; research subsidies; subsidies for transportation and raw materials. It is shown that the formation of large companies has provided economies of scale and accelerated development. The creation of specialized research institutes under the auspices of the government initiated public-private partnerships in research funding, industry associations helped mobilize the public to support the industry, and competent company managers and industry representatives together with prominent statesmen provided concerted action to strengthen its innovation potential. Cultivating the national consciousness that the purchase of German goods is the key to the welfare of the state has determined consumer preferences and has become a powerful stimulus to expand supplies to the domestic market. The introduction of high customs tariffs on finished medicines has provided protection for the new industry in its infancy. The close cooperation of banks with pharmaceutical companies has contributed to the implementation of investment and innovation projects and external expansion. The creation of cartels by chemical and pharmaceutical companies was an institutional response to the unprecedented phenomenon of industrialization and catching up in Germany. It is revealed that at the present stage the Government of Germany through national and regional programs continues to promote the development of technological and innovative potential of pharmaceuticals. The expediency of introduction of mechanisms of endogenization of production development of medicines and medical devices in Ukraine, and also expansion of sales in the domestic market through introduction of preferences at public purchases in the context of protection of essential interests of safety and health of the nation is proved.