Traffic, air pollution, and health
Traffic, air pollution, and health
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DOI：
10.1080/08958370701533541
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Samet, Jonathan M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Samet, Jonathan M.
本文讨论了有关交通和健康造成的空气污染暴露的新信息，并就交通对公众健康的影响提出了两个关键问题：1)是否有足够的证据推断交通正在造成不利的健康影响；2)交通对健康的不利影响的程度是什么？讨论的主题包括交通相关污染物暴露的特征；迄今流行病学研究的结果；以及调查方法和相关挑战--包括偏见、基于模型的结论和样本量问题--在描述交通造成的空气污染对健康的影响方面。此外，还考虑了汽车尾气产生的两种主要污染物--颗粒物和臭氧--对健康的已知影响。有证据表明，交通是对公众健康的威胁，将很难加以管理；然而，需要更多的研究来完善我们对交通暴露的健康后果的理解，并将其作为制定缓解政策的基础。本文讨论了有关交通和健康造成的空气污染暴露的新信息，并就交通对公众健康的影响提出了两个关键问题：1)是否有足够的证据推断交通正在造成不利的健康影响；2)交通对健康的不利影响的程度是什么？讨论的主题包括交通相关污染物暴露的特征；迄今流行病学研究的结果；以及调查方法和相关挑战--包括偏见、基于模型的结论和样本量问题--在描述交通造成的空气污染对健康的影响方面。此外，还考虑了汽车尾气产生的两种主要污染物--颗粒物和臭氧--对健康的已知影响。有证据表明，交通是对公众健康的威胁，将很难加以管理；然而，需要更多的研究来完善我们对交通暴露的健康后果的理解，并将其作为制定缓解政策的基础。
This paper discusses emerging information on exposure to air pollution from traffic and health and raises two key questions with regard to the impact of traffic on public health: 1) is there sufficient evidence to infer that traffic is causing adverse health effects, and; 2) what is the magnitude of the adverse impact of traffic on health? Topics addressed include characterization of exposure to traffic-related pollutants; the findings of epidemiological studies to date; and investigative approaches and the related challenges-including bias, model-based conclusions, and sample size issues-in characterizing the health effects of air pollution from traffic. Also considered are the known health effects of two of the major pollutants produced by vehicle exhaust-particles and ozone. The evidence points to traffic as a threat to public health that will be managed with great difficulty; however, more research is needed to refine our understanding of the health consequences of traffic exposures and as a basis for formulating mitigation policies. This paper discusses emerging information on exposure to air pollution from traffic and health and raises two key questions with regard to the impact of traffic on public health: 1) is there sufficient evidence to infer that traffic is causing adverse health effects, and; 2) what is the magnitude of the adverse impact of traffic on health? Topics addressed include characterization of exposure to traffic-related pollutants; the findings of epidemiological studies to date; and investigative approaches and the related challenges-including bias, model-based conclusions, and sample size issues-in characterizing the health effects of air pollution from traffic. Also considered are the known health effects of two of the major pollutants produced by vehicle exhaust-particles and ozone. The evidence points to traffic as a threat to public health that will be managed with great difficulty; however, more research is needed to refine our understanding of the health consequences of traffic exposures and as a basis for formulating mitigation policies.