Leech segmentation: cell lineage and the formation of complex body patterns.
Leech segmentation: cell lineage and the formation of complex body patterns.
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水蛭分割：细胞谱系和复杂身体模式的形成。
DOI：
10.1016/0012-1606(91)90416-z
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发表时间：
1991
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Shankland,M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shankland,M
在胚胎发生的早期，分节动物的前后（AP）轴发展出一种结构周期性，它组织了随后的细胞分化模式。在果蝇中，遗传学研究为体节周期性的发育起源和体节之间差异的区域性特化提供了许多深刻的见解（综述见Akam，1987）。然而，身体分割是节肢动物、环节动物和某些脊索动物这三个动物门的特征，而身体分割过程的系统发育起源仍然是一个谜。在系统多样的生物体产生它们的节段组织的方式上，既有诱人的相似性（拉姆斯登，1990;威尔金森和克鲁姆洛夫，1990），也有惊人的差异（帕特等人，1989）。本文综述了水蛭，环节动物蠕虫的分割，并强调水蛭胚胎产生其节段周期性的独特方式相比，无论是昆虫或脊椎动物胚胎。水蛭通过基本不变的细胞谱系从卵发育成成虫（Stent等人，1982年），并提供了一个机会，研究节段性图案内精确定义的框架内的细胞事件。此外，水蛭具有大的胚胎，其已被证明非常适合于各种实验技术，例如活细胞谱系示踪剂的细胞内注射（Weisblat等人，一九七八年; Gimlich和Braun，1985）、选择性细胞消融（Blair，1982;格洛弗和克雷默，1982; Shankland，1984）以及在胚胎内或胚胎之间移植节段性创始细胞（Shankland，1984）和分化器官（Loer和Kristan，1989 a）。这些细胞研究还得到了水蛭基因的分离和初期分子分析的补充，水蛭基因与在果蝇分节中起关键作用的几种调节基因同源（Wysocka-Diller等人，1989; Wedge等人，1990，1991; Shankland等人，出版中）。
Early in embryogenesis, the anteroposterior(AP) axis of segmented animals develops a structural periodicity which organizes subsequent patterns of cell differentiation. In the fruitfly Drosophila, genetic studies have provided many profound insights into the developmental origin of segmental periodicity and the regional specification of differences between segments (for review, see Akam, 1987). However, body segmentation is a characteristic of three animal phyla-the arthropods, annelids, and certain chordates-and the phylogenetic origin (s) of the segmentation process remain a mystery. There are both tantalizing similarities (Lumsden, 1990; Wilkinson and Krumlauf, 1990) and striking differences (Pate1 et aL, 1989) in the way that phyletically diverse organisms generate their segmental organization. This review describes the segmentation of the leech, an annelid worm, and places emphasis on the distinctive manner in which the leech embryo generates its segmental periodicity when compared to either insect or vertebrate embryos. The leech develops from egg to adult by means of an essentially invariant cell lineage (Stent et al., 1982), and offers an opportunity to study segmental patterning within a precisely defined framework of cellular events. In addition, leeches have large embryos which have proven very amenable to a variety of experimental techniques such as the intracellular injection of vital cell lineage tracers (Weisblat et aZ., 1978; Gimlich and Braun, 1985), selective cell ablation (Blair, 1982; Glover and Kramer, 1982; Shankland, 1984), and the transplantation within or between embryos of segmental founder cells (Shankland, 1984) and differentiating organs (Loer and Kristan, 1989a). These cellular studies have also been complemented by the isolation and incipient molecular analysis of leech genes which are homologous to several of the regulatory genes that play pivotal roles in Drosophda segmentation(Wysocka-Diller et aZ., 1989; Wedeen et aL, 1990, 1991; Shankland et aL, in press).