More Limitations to Monolingualism: Bilinguals Outperform Monolinguals in Implicit Word Learning.
More Limitations to Monolingualism: Bilinguals Outperform Monolinguals in Implicit Word Learning.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01218
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Singh L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Escudero P;Mulak KE;Fu CS;Singh L
为了在跨情境的词汇学习中取得成功，学习者必须通过关注新对象和标签在多次遭遇中的统计共现来推断词-对象映射。虽然过去的研究已经调查了婴儿和单语成年人的学习机制，但双语者的跨情境单词学习能力尚未得到测试。在这里，我们比较了单语者和双语者在跨情境单词学习范式上的表现，该范式的特点是语音上不同的单词对（例如，BON-DEET）和由单个辅音或元音片段变化的语音相似的单词对（例如，BON-TON、DEET-DIT）。两组都学习了新的单词-所指映射，提供了跨情境单词学习也是双语成年人可用的学习策略的证据。此外，双语者总体上比单语者更准确。这支持双语培养了广泛的认知优势，可能有利于内隐单词学习。此外，不同的审判类型的反应模式显示，元音最小对比辅音最小对的相对困难，复制在单语者中发现的模式，在不同的英语口音。具体来说，所有的参与者未能学习元音高度区分元音对比。我们讨论这种双语优势的证据，作为语言特定的或一般的优势。
To succeed at cross-situational word learning, learners must infer word-object mappings by attending to the statistical co-occurrences of novel objects and labels across multiple encounters. While past studies have investigated this as a learning mechanism for infants and monolingual adults, bilinguals’ cross-situational word learning abilities have yet to be tested. Here, we compared monolinguals’ and bilinguals’ performance on a cross-situational word learning paradigm that featured phonologically distinct word pairs (e.g., BON-DEET) and phonologically similar word pairs that varied by a single consonant or vowel segment (e.g., BON-TON, DEET-DIT, respectively). Both groups learned the novel word-referent mappings, providing evidence that cross-situational word learning is a learning strategy also available to bilingual adults. Furthermore, bilinguals were overall more accurate than monolinguals. This supports that bilingualism fosters a wide range of cognitive advantages that may benefit implicit word learning. Additionally, response patterns to the different trial types revealed a relative difficulty for vowel minimal pairs than consonant minimal pairs, replicating the pattern found in monolinguals by in a different English accent. Specifically, all participants failed to learn vowel contrasts differentiated by vowel height. We discuss evidence for this bilingual advantage as a language-specific or general advantage.