Comparison of tactile, auditory, and visual modality for brain-computer interface use: a case study with a patient in the locked-in state.
Comparison of tactile, auditory, and visual modality for brain-computer interface use: a case study with a patient in the locked-in state.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2013.00129
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Kübler A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaufmann T;Holz EM;Kübler A
本文描述了一个案例研究，患者处于典型的锁定状态，目前没有独立沟通的手段。按照以用户为中心的方法，我们研究了以不同方式引发的事件相关电位（ERP），用于脑机接口（BCI）系统。此类系统可以为她提供替代的沟通渠道。为了研究实现基于 BCI 的通信的最可行模式，在视觉、听觉和触觉模式中进行了经典的奇怪范式（1 种罕见刺激和 1 种频繁刺激，比例 1:5）（每种模式运行 2 次）。分类器在一次运行中构建，并在另一次运行中离线测试（反之亦然）。在这些范例中，触觉方式明显优于其他方式，即使仅在单个试验中进行分类，也显示出较高的离线准确性。因此，我们在线测试了触觉范式，患者成功选择了目标，没有任何错误。此外，我们还研究了具有两个以上选择选项的不同 BCI 系统的视觉或触觉方式的使用。在视觉模式中，几种 BCI 范例进行了离线测试。基于矩阵的范式和所谓的独立于凝视的范式都不构成控制手段。因此，这些结果可能会对当前脑机接口的注视无关方法的注视无关性提出质疑。触觉四选 BCI 实现了较高的离线分类精度。然而，在线使用引发了各种问题。尽管性能明显高于偶然性，但与其他通信方法（例如伙伴扫描）相比，实际日常生活中的使用似乎不太可能。我们的结果强调了 BCI 开发中以用户为中心的设计的必要性，包括确定特定用户的最佳刺激方式。最后，本文讨论了基于脑电图的 BCI 系统对于处于经典锁定状态的患者的可行性，并将 BCI 与我们在研究期间也测试过的其他 AT 解决方案进行了比较。
This paper describes a case study with a patient in the classic locked-in state, who currently has no means of independent communication. Following a user-centered approach, we investigated event-related potentials (ERP) elicited in different modalities for use in brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. Such systems could provide her with an alternative communication channel. To investigate the most viable modality for achieving BCI based communication, classic oddball paradigms (1 rare and 1 frequent stimulus, ratio 1:5) in the visual, auditory and tactile modality were conducted (2 runs per modality). Classifiers were built on one run and tested offline on another run (and vice versa). In these paradigms, the tactile modality was clearly superior to other modalities, displaying high offline accuracy even when classification was performed on single trials only. Consequently, we tested the tactile paradigm online and the patient successfully selected targets without any error. Furthermore, we investigated use of the visual or tactile modality for different BCI systems with more than two selection options. In the visual modality, several BCI paradigms were tested offline. Neither matrix-based nor so-called gaze-independent paradigms constituted a means of control. These results may thus question the gaze-independence of current gaze-independent approaches to BCI. A tactile four-choice BCI resulted in high offline classification accuracies. Yet, online use raised various issues. Although performance was clearly above chance, practical daily life use appeared unlikely when compared to other communication approaches (e.g., partner scanning). Our results emphasize the need for user-centered design in BCI development including identification of the best stimulus modality for a particular user. Finally, the paper discusses feasibility of EEG-based BCI systems for patients in classic locked-in state and compares BCI to other AT solutions that we also tested during the study.
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