Challenges to the use of BECCS as a keystone technology in pursuit of 1.5°C
Challenges to the use of BECCS as a keystone technology in pursuit of 1.5°C
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DOI：
10.1017/sus.2018.3
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Welfle, Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gough, Clair;Garcia-Freites, Samira;Welfle, Andrew
生物质能源与碳捕获和储存（BECCS）在许多综合评估模型中被视为实现气候变化巴黎协定的关键技术。本文探讨了与大规模BECCS部署有关的六个关键挑战，并考虑了解决这些挑战的方法。研究需要考虑BECCS如何适应其他缓解方法，如何适应现有的政策驱动因素和目标，确定它在更广泛的社会经济环境中的位置，并确保在全球范围内实现真正的净负排放。技术摘要《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）巴黎协定设定了将全球气温上升限制在“远低于2摄氏度”的目标，并追求“将气温上升限制在1. 5摄氏度的努力”。符合这些目标的大多数排放途径严重依赖于负排放技术，特别是在全球范围内利用生物质能源和碳捕获和储存技术从大气中去除二氧化碳。在气候缓解中使用负排放引入了多种复杂的技术，其可取性、有效性和可行性仍然高度不确定。本文探讨了与BECCS相关的六个关键政策和治理挑战，提出了研究可以解决其中一些挑战的方法：1）BECCS如何适应碳预算？2)BECCS有多消极？3)BECCS能否以足够的规模交付？4)能否可持续地提供足够的生物量？5)BECCS如何适应政策背景？6)BECCS如何适应气候协议？对这些挑战的考虑突出了一个整体系统方法来评估BECCS的使用及其作为实现负排放的关键技术的潜力的重要性。
Non-technical summaryBiomass energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is represented in many integrated assessment models as a keystone technology in delivering the Paris Agreement on climate change. This paper explores six key challenges in relation to large scale BECCS deployment and considers ways to address these challenges. Research needs to consider how BECCS fits in the context of other mitigation approaches, how it can be accommodated within existing policy drivers and goals, identify where it fits within the wider socioeconomic landscape, and ensure that genuine net negative emissions can be delivered on a global scale.Technical summaryThe United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Paris Agreement sets a goal of limiting the global temperature increase to "well below 2 degrees C" and to pursue "efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees C". Most emission pathways that are compatible with these goals are heavily reliant on negative emissions technologies (NETs), especially biomass energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), at a global scale to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. The use of negative emissions in climate mitigation introduces a complex variety of technologies whose desirability, effectiveness and viability remain highly uncertain. This paper explores six key policy and governance challenges associated with BECCS, suggesting ways in which research could address some of these challenges: 1) How does BECCS fit with carbon budgets? 2) How negative is BECCS? 3) Can BECCS be delivered at sufficient scale? 4) Can sufficient biomass be provided sustainably? 5) How does BECCS fit into the policy context? 6) How does BECCS fit with climate agreements? Consideration of these challenges highlights the importance of a whole systems approach to assessing the use of BECCS and its potential as a keystone technology to deliver negative emissions.