Does vestibular damage cause cognitive dysfunction in humans?
Does vestibular damage cause cognitive dysfunction in humans?
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发表时间：
2005
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Paul F. Smith;Yiwen Zheng;A. Horii;C. Darlington
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作者：
Paul F. Smith;Yiwen Zheng;A. Horii;C. Darlington
十多年来，来自动物研究的证据表明，前庭系统的损伤导致空间导航的缺陷，这表明空间学习和记忆受损。最近，有直接证据表明，前庭障碍患者表现出一系列认知缺陷，这些缺陷不仅在本质上是空间的，而且还包括非空间功能，如物体识别记忆。前庭功能障碍已被证明会对注意力过程产生不利影响，并且增加的注意力需求会使与前庭障碍相关的姿势摇摆恶化。最近的MRI研究还表明，双侧前庭损伤的人经历海马萎缩，这与他们在空间记忆任务上的损伤程度相关。这些结果与动物研究的结果一致，共同表明患有前庭障碍的人可能会经历认知功能障碍，这不一定与任何特定的眩晕或头晕发作有关，因此即使在其他方面得到良好补偿的患者中也可能发生。这些发现可能与前庭功能障碍患者抑郁和焦虑症发病率高的观察结果有关。
For more than a decade, evidence from animal studies has suggested that damage to the vestibular system leads to deficits in spatial navigation which are indicative of impaired spatial learning and memory. More recently, direct evidence has emerged to demonstrate that humans with vestibular disorders exhibit a range of cognitive deficits that are not just spatial in nature, but also include non-spatial functions such as object recognition memory. Vestibular dysfunction has been shown to adversely affect attentional processes and increased attentional demands can worsen the postural sway associated with vestibular disorders. Recent MRI studies also show that humans with bilateral vestibular damage undergo atrophy of the hippocampus which correlates with their degree of impairment on spatial memory tasks. These results are consistent with those from animal studies and, together, suggest that humans with vestibular disorders are likely to experience cognitive dysfunction which is not necessarily related to any particular episode of vertigo or dizziness, and therefore may occur even in patients who are otherwise well compensated. These findings may be related to the observation that patients with vestibular deficits experience a high incidence of depression and anxiety disorders.