An overview of bladder cancer: treatment and nursing implications.
An overview of bladder cancer: treatment and nursing implications.
复制标题
膀胱癌概述：治疗和护理意义。
作者：
L. P. Kelly;C. Miaskowski
目的/目标
回顾膀胱癌的发病率、病理生理机制、治疗选择及护理。
数据源
发表的文章，书籍章节，美国癌症协会的材料，和计算机化的数据库。
资料综合
今年将诊断出近53，000例膀胱癌。最近的研究将p53基因突变和9号染色体异常与膀胱癌联系起来。70%的患者存在膀胱内的局部肿瘤。手术和膀胱内化疗是浅表性膀胱癌最常见的治疗方法。深度侵袭性疾病有时可以通过手术、放射或治疗方式的组合来治愈。早期发现有91%的存活率。预防战略包括戒烟和减少职业性接触有毒化学品的风险。
结论
膀胱癌是一种发病率较高的常见疾病。
对医疗实践的影响
了解膀胱癌的相关知识有助于护士预防和管理膀胱癌及其治疗并发症，满足患者的心理需求。
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To review the incidence, pathophysiologic mechanisms, treatment options, and nursing care of patients with bladder cancer.
DATA SOURCES
Published articles, book chapters, American Cancer Society materials, and a computerized data base.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Nearly 53,000 cases of bladder cancer will be diagnosed this year. Recent studies link mutations on the p53 gene and abnormalities on chromosome 9 to bladder cancer. Seventy percent of patients present with local tumors within the bladder. Surgery and intravesical chemotherapy are the most common treatments for superficial bladder cancer. Deeply invasive disease sometimes can be cured by surgery, irradiation, or a combination of treatment modalities. Early stage detection has a 91% survival rate. Prevention strategies include smoking cessation and reduction of the risk of occupational exposure to toxic chemicals.
CONCLUSIONS
Bladder cancer is a prevalent disease with significant morbidity.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE
Knowledge about bladder cancer will help nurses prevent and manage the disease and its treatment complications and meet patients' psychological needs.