Measurement of the type A behavior pattern in children: assessment of children's competitiveness, impatience-anger, and aggression.
Measurement of the type A behavior pattern in children: assessment of children's competitiveness, impatience-anger, and aggression.
复制标题
儿童A型行为模式的测量：评估儿童的竞争力、不耐烦-愤怒和攻击性。
作者：
K. Matthews;J. Angulo
本文报告了一项旨在对儿童A型行为模式进行适当测量的研究计划的结果。A型性格是成年期心脏病的危险因素，其特征是极端的竞争性、急躁、容易引起愤怒和侵略性。一份名为“马修斯青少年健康测试”（O型神话）的问卷包含17项描述儿童A型行为特征的陈述。研究1的目的是为神话提供心理测量学数据。教师们对这些陈述对485名K、2、4和6年级学生的描述进行了评价。3个月后仍留在学区的儿童（N = 420）再次进行评级。这些评级的统计分析表明，神话形式O是一个可靠的，内部一致的工具，它产生2个正交因素：竞争力和不耐烦侵略。正如预期的那样，儿童的A型行为存在很大的性别差异。研究2测试了神话的结构效度在一个子样本的儿童谁是挑战赢得一场汽车比赛对实验者，有机会玩各种玩具，包括塑料波波娃娃，并被要求执行一个令人沮丧的任务在1届会议。结果表明，A型性格的人在与女性（而非男性）实验者的比赛中获胜的优势要大于B型性格的人。A型人格的人更早地攻击波波娃娃，在整个过程中比B型人格的人更不耐烦。A型人格儿童表现出的这些不耐烦行为与A型人格成年人在标准化A型人格成年人面试中表现出的行为相似。总之，这些数据是支持的神话的可靠性和有效性，并代表了第一步，在发展一种工具，以评估模式A在小学学龄儿童。
The results of a program of research designed to produce an adequate measure of the type A behavior pattern in children are reported. The type A pattern is a risk factor for heart disease in adulthood and is characterized by extremes of competitiveness, impatience, easily aroused anger, and aggression. A questionnaire called the Matthews Youth Test for Health (MYTH-Form O) contains 17 statements that characterize pattern A behaviors in children. Study 1 was conducted to provide psychometric data for the MYTH. Teachers rated how well these statements characterized 485 children enrolled in grades K, 2, 4 and 6. Those children remaining in the school district 3 months later (N = 420) were rated again. Statistical analyses of these ratings suggest that the MYTH-Form O is a reliable, internally consistent instrument, which yields 2 orthogonal factors: competitiveness and impatience-aggression. As expected, there were substantial gender differences in children's type A behavior. Study 2 tested the construct validity of the MYTH in a subsample of children who were challenged to win a car race against an experimenter; were given an opportunity to play with a variety of toys, including a plastic Bobo doll; and were asked to execute a frustrating task during 1 session. Results showed that type A's won a race against a female (not a male) experimenter by a larger margin than did type B's. Type A's aggressed against a Bobo doll earlier and were more impatient than were type B's throughout the session. These impatient behaviors exhibited by child type A's are similar to those exhibited by adult type A's during the standardized adult type A interview. In sum, these data are supportive of the reliability and validity of the MYTH and represent a first step in the development of an instrument to assess pattern A in elementary school-aged children.