Heterothermic Migration Strategies in Flying Vertebrates
Heterothermic Migration Strategies in Flying Vertebrates
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/icad053
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发表时间：
2023-06-02
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Clerc，Jeff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mcguire，Liam P.;Leys，Ryan;Clerc，Jeff
迁徙是动物中普遍存在且高度可变的特征。人口层面的模式源于个人层面的决策，包括生理和能量的限制。移徙的许多方面都受到中途停留期间采取的行为和策略的影响，其中移徙者可能会遇到可变或不可预测的情况。体温调节可能是恒温动物的主要成本，它们在迁徙过程中，尤其是在日常周期的休息阶段，很大程度上会遇到低于较低临界温度的环境温度。在这篇综述中，我们描述了蝙蝠和鸟类在迁徙过程中使用异温疗法降低体温调节成本的经验证据、理论模型和潜在影响。冬眠辅助迁徙是温带食虫蝙蝠迁徙的一种策略，可以在不活动期间利用冬眠来大幅降低体温调节成本并提高净补给率，从而缩短中途停留时间，减少燃料负载需求，并对大规模运动模式和生存产生潜在影响。蜂鸟可以采取类似的策略，但大多数鸟类无法麻木。然而，人们越来越认识到不同鸟类在迁徙过程中使用更浅的异温策略，这对迁徙能量学具有同样重要的影响。越来越多的已发表文献和正在进行的研究的初步数据表明，鸟类的异温迁徙策略可能比传统上认为的更为常见。我们进一步采取广泛的进化视角，将异温视为某些物种迁徙的替代方案，或作为考虑季节性资源限制替代方案的概念联系。越来越多的证据与蝙蝠和鸟类的异温迁徙策略有关，但与该策略的更广泛影响相关的许多重要问题仍然存在。
Migration is a widespread and highly variable trait among animals. Population-level patterns arise from individual-level decisions, including physiological and energetic constraints. Many aspects of migration are influenced by behaviors and strategies employed during periods of stopover, where migrants may encounter variable or unpredictable conditions. Thermoregulation can be a major cost for homeotherms which largely encounter ambient temperatures below the lower critical temperature during migration, especially during the rest phase of the daily cycle. In this review we describe the empirical evidence, theoretical models, and potential implications of bats and birds that use heterothermy to reduce thermoregulatory costs during migration. Torpor-assisted migration is a strategy described for migrating temperate insectivorous bats, whereby torpor can be used during periods of inactivity to drastically reduce thermoregulatory costs and increase net refueling rate, leading to shorter stopover duration, reduced fuel load requirement, and potential consequences for broad-scale movement patterns and survival. Hummingbirds can adopt a similar strategy, but most birds are not capable of torpor. However, there is an increasing recognition of the use of more shallow heterothermic strategies by diverse bird species during migration, with similarly important implications for migration energetics. A growing body of published literature and preliminary data from ongoing research indicate that heterothermic migration strategies in birds may be more common than traditionally appreciated. We further take a broad evolutionary perspective to consider heterothermy as an alternative to migration in some species, or as a conceptual link to consider alternatives to seasonal resource limitations. There is a growing body of evidence related to heterothermic migration strategies in bats and birds, but many important questions related to the broader implications of this strategy remain.