Effects of variety and fertiliser nitrogen on alcohol yield, grain yield, starch and protein content, and protein composition of winter wheat
Effects of variety and fertiliser nitrogen on alcohol yield, grain yield, starch and protein content, and protein composition of winter wheat
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jcs.2007.07.010
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发表时间：
2008-07-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Sylvester-Bradley, Roger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kindred, Daniel R.;Verhoeven, Tamara M. O.;Sylvester-Bradley, Roger
2004 年，英国赫里福德郡进行了一项田间试验，研究了氮 (N) 肥对两种冬小麦品种籽粒大小和形状、淀粉和蛋白质浓度、玻璃体度、贮藏蛋白组成和酒精产量的影响（对比胚乳质地）。各品种的平均酒精产量为 439 升/吨，蛋白质浓度为 11.5 克/100 克。在给定的蛋白质浓度下，软胚乳小麦品种 Riband 比硬胚乳品种 Option 平均每吨谷物多产 7.7 升酒精。同时，氮肥通过对谷物蛋白质浓度的重大影响而对酒精生产产生显着影响。就这两个品种而言，每吨谷物蛋白质含量每增加 10 公斤，酒精产量就会减少 5.7 升。在给定的谷物蛋白质浓度下，Riband 的淀粉浓度比 Option 高出 2.9g/100g，这支持了其观察到的更高的酒精产量。与理论值（6.61 L/10 kg 淀粉）相比，本研究中淀粉向酒精的转化率较低（6.30 L/10 kg 淀粉），表明该特性有改进的潜力。籽粒大小和粒形相关性状主要受基因型影响，不受氮肥影响。相反，基因型对谷物蛋白质浓度和玻璃体的影响很小。一个重要的发现是，对于所考虑的任何变量，品种和氮处理之间没有相互作用，这表明两个品种对施氮变化的响应是相同的，导致不同谷物蛋白水平的基因型之间的淀粉浓度和酒精产量存在一致的差异。通过尺寸排阻色谱法对小麦储藏蛋白的组成进行分析表明，谷物总蛋白每增加一克，麦醇溶蛋白平均增加 0.56 克，并且在数量上是主要的蛋白质部分，这表明选择低麦醇溶蛋白含量可能是减少谷物蛋白的理想方法，从而增加小麦的酒精产量。单位面积酒精产量与施氮量之间的关系用二次函数描述，单位面积最大酒精产量约为。 3630 升/公顷。统计分析表明，粮食增产的经济最佳施氮量与酒精产量最大化的最佳施氮量接近。 (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
The effects of nitrogen (N) fertiliser on grain size and shape, starch and protein concentration, vitreosity, storage protein composition, and alcohol yield of two winter wheat varieties contrasting in endosperm texture were studied in a field trial in Herefordshire, UK in 2004. Averaged across varieties, the alcohol yield was 439 L/tonne for grain with a protein concentration of 11.5g/100g. The soft endosperm wheat variety Riband produced on average 7.7 L more alcohol per tonne of grain at a given protein concentration than the hard endosperm variety, Option. At the same time, N fertiliser was shown to have significant effects on alcohol production through its major influence on grain protein concentration. Averaged over both varieties, there was a reduction in alcohol yield of 5.7 L for each 10kg increase in protein content per tonne of grain. The starch concentration of Riband was 2.9g/100g higher than Option at a given grain protein concentration, supporting its higher observed alcohol yields. A low conversion of starch to alcohol in this study (6.30 L/10 kg starch) compared to the theoretical value (6.61 L/10 kg starch) indicated that there is potential for improvement of this character. The traits relating to grain size and shape were principally influenced by genotype, and were not influenced by N fertiliser. Conversely, there were only minor genotypic effects on grain protein concentration and vitreosity. An important finding was that there were no interactions between variety and N treatment for any of the variables considered, indicating that the response of the two varieties to changes in applied N was the same, resulting in consistent differences in starch concentration and alcohol yield between genotypes at different levels of grain protein. An analysis of the composition of the wheat storage proteins by size-exclusion chromatography showed that the gliadins increased on average by 0.56 g per g increase in total grain protein and were quantitatively the major protein fraction, suggesting that selection for low gliadin content may be a desirable means by which to reduce grain protein, and thereby increase alcohol yield in wheat. The relationship between alcohol yield per unit area and applied N rate was described by a quadratic function and the maximum alcohol yield per unit area was ca. 3630 L/ha. Statistical analysis suggested that the economic optimum rate of N applied for grain yield was close to the optimum N rate for maximum alcohol productivity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.