Updating egocentric representations in human navigation
Updating egocentric representations in human navigation
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DOI：
10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00105-0
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发表时间：
2000-12-15
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Spelke, ES
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, RXF;Spelke, ES
七个实验测试了人类的导航是依赖于持久的表征，还是依赖于随着移动而更新的瞬间自我中心表征。人类受试者指向看不见的目标，要么是在他们保持定向的时候，要么是在他们因自我旋转而迷失方向之后。定向障碍不仅降低了指向所有对象的绝对精度（“航向误差”），而且还降低了指向不同对象的相对精度（“配置误差”）。如果在整个实验过程中都有单个光提供方向提示，则会降低航向和配置的风险。然而，如果在学习和测试过程中有光存在，但在定向障碍过程中没有光，受试者表现出较低的航向错误（表明他们通过光重新定向），但较高的配置错误（表明他们未能获得对周围环境的准确认知地图）。这些发现提供了物体位置以自我为中心的证据。然而，定向障碍对指向房间不同角落的连贯性几乎没有影响，这表明：(a)定向障碍对物体位置表征的影响不是由于实验范式，(b)房间几何形状是由持久表征捕获的。这些发现对准确导航主要取决于持久的、无观察者的认知地图的观点提出了质疑。对于人类来说，构建这样一个扩展表面的表示，而不是对象的表示。像昆虫一样，人类代表着以自我为中心的物体的距离和方向，并随着他们的移动不断更新这些代表。动物导航的主要进化进步可能与看不见的目标的数量有关，这些目标的自我中心的方向和距离可以同时表示和更新，而不是在导航方面向依赖非中心地图的质的转变。(C) 2000由Elsevier Science B.V.出版，版权所有。
Seven experiments tested whether human navigation depends on enduring representations, or on momentary egocentric representations that are updated as one moves. Human subjects pointed to unseen targets, either while remaining oriented or after they had been disoriented by self-rotation. Disorientation reduced not only the absolute accuracy of pointing to all objects ('heading error') but also the relative accuracy of pointing to different objects ('configuration error'). A single light providing a directional cue reduced both heading and configuration en:ors if it was present throughout the experiment. If the light was present during learning and test but absent during the disorientation procedure, however, subjects showed low heading errors (indicating that they reoriented by the light) but high configuration errors (indicating that they failed to retrieve an accurate cognitive map of their surroundings). These findings provide evidence that object locations are represented egocentrically. Nevertheless, disorientation had little effect on the coherence of pointing to different room corners, suggesting both (a) that the disorientation effect on representations of object locations is not due to the experimental paradigm and (b) that room geometry is captured by an enduring representation, These findings cast doubt on the view that accurate navigation depends primarily on an enduring, observer-free cognitive map, for humans construct such a representation of extended surfaces but not of objects. Like insects, humans represent the egocentric distances and directions of objects and continuously update these representations as they move. The principal evolutionary advance in animal navigation may concern the number of unseen targets whose egocentric directions and distances can be represented and updated simultaneously, rather than a qualitative shift in navigation toward reliance on an allocentric map. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.